The new owners of VPN provider VPNSecure have drawn ire after [1]canceling lifetime subscriptions . From a report:

> The owners told customers that they didn't know about the lifetime subscriptions when they bought VPNSecure, and they cannot honor the purchases.



[1] https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2025/05/vpn-firm-says-it-didnt-know-customers-had-lifetime-subscriptions-cancels-them/

Amazon's decade-old acquisition of Annapurna Labs has [1]emerged as a pivotal element in its AI strategy , with the once-secretive Israeli chip design startup now powering AWS infrastructure. The $350 million deal, struck in 2015 after initial talks between Annapurna co-founder Nafea Bshara and Amazon executive James Hamilton, has equipped the tech giant with custom silicon capabilities critical to its cloud computing dominance.

Annapurna's chips, particularly the Trainium processor for AI model training and Graviton for general-purpose computing, now form the foundation of Amazon's AI infrastructure. The company is deploying hundreds of thousands of Trainium chips in its Project Rainier supercomputer being delivered to AI startup Anthropic this year. Amazon CEO Andy Jassy, who led AWS when the acquisition occurred, described it as "one of the most important moments" in AWS history.



[1] https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/the-stealthy-lab-cooking-up-amazon-s-secret-sauce/ar-AA1EuW9s

Requesting concise answers from AI chatbots [1]significantly increases their tendency to hallucinate , according to new research from Paris-based AI testing company Giskard. The study found that leading models -- including OpenAI's GPT-4o, Mistral Large, and Anthropic's Claude 3.7 Sonnet -- sacrifice factual accuracy when instructed to keep responses short.

"When forced to keep it short, models consistently choose brevity over accuracy," Giskard researchers noted, explaining that models lack sufficient "space" to acknowledge false premises and offer proper rebuttals. Even seemingly innocuous prompts like "be concise" can undermine a model's ability to debunk misinformation.



[1] https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/08/asking-chatbots-for-short-answers-can-increase-hallucinations-study-finds/

ZDNet's Steven Vaughan-Nichols [1]marks Reddit's 20 years of being "the front page of the internet ," recalling its evolution from a scrappy startup into a cultural powerhouse that shaped online discourse, meme culture, and the way millions consume news and entertainment. Slashdot is also given a subtle nod in the opening line of the article. An anonymous reader shares an excerpt:

> In 2005, if you were into social networks focused on links, you probably used Digg or Slashdot. However, two guys, Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, recent graduates from the University of Virginia, [2]wanted to create a hub where users could find, share, and discuss the internet's most interesting content. Little did they know where this idea would take them. After all, their concept was nothing new. Still, after Paul Graham, co-founder of Y Combinator, the startup accelerator and seed capital firm, had shot down their first idea -- a mobile food-ordering app -- they pitched what would become Reddit to Graham, and he gave it his blessing. [3]Drawing inspiration from sites like Delicious, a now-defunct social bookmarking service, and Slashdot, Huffman and Ohanian envisioned Reddit as a platform that would combine the best aspects of both: a place for sharing timely, ephemeral news and fostering vibrant community discussions of not just technology, but any topic users cared about. Their guiding mission was to build "the front page of the internet," a simple, user-driven site where anyone could submit content, and the community, not algorithms or editors, would decide what was most important through voting and discussion. They deliberately prioritized user participation and conversation over flashy features or heavy editorial control.

>

> What set Reddit apart from its early rivals was its framework. Instead of one large all-in-one interface, the site borrowed the idea from pre-internet online networks, such as CompuServe, of smaller sub-networks devoted to a particular topic. These user-created communities, "subreddits," quickly set it apart from other social platforms. As Laurence Sangarde-Brown, co-founder of TechTree, wrote: "This design allows [4]users to delve into focused discussions , ask questions, and exchange ideas on a scale unmatched by other platforms." That approach was not enough, though, to kick-start Reddit. The founders had to "fake it until they made it." They [5]seeded the site with fake accounts to make it appear more active. Their efforts paid off, as real users soon flocked to the platform. Another crucial early change was when Reddit merged with Aaron Swartz's Infogami and introduced commenting. This move was vital for laying the groundwork for the site's interactive, community-driven experience. [...]

>

> So, where does Reddit go from here? We'll see. Reddit's legacy is one of transformation: from a scrappy startup to a global hub for conversation, collaboration, and sometimes controversy. As it celebrates 20 years, Reddit remains a testament to how important online communities can be in a world increasingly filled with AI slop. Still, Huffman believes Reddit's true value is coming. In a recent Reddit post, he wrote: "Reddit [6]works because it's human . It's one of the few places online where real people share real opinions. That authenticity is what gives Reddit its value. If we lose trust in that, we lose what makes RedditReddit. Our focus is, and always will be, on keeping Reddit a trusted place for human conversation." Huffman concluded: "The last 20 years have proven how powerful online communities can be — and as we look ahead, I'm even more excited for what the next 20 will bring."



[1] https://www.zdnet.com/article/reddit-turns-20-its-incredible-journey-from-scrappy-startup-to-the-heart-of-the-internet/

[2] https://www.reddit.com/r/Entrepreneurship/comments/12ynjh4/the_founding_story_of_reddit/

[3] https://www.sequoiacap.com/podcast/crucible-moments-reddit/

[4] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/reddit-online-community-changed-social-media-forever-sangarde-brown-huqye/

[5] https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-reddit-got-huge-tons-of-fake-accounts-2/

[6] https://www.reddit.com/user/spez/comments/1kfciml/reddits_next_chapter_smarter_easier_still_human/

Google has [1]launched the AI Futures Fund, [2]a new initiative to invest in AI startups that are building with the latest tools from Google DeepMind. TechCrunch reports:

> The fund will back startups from seed to late stage and will offer varying degrees of support, including allowing founders to have early access to Google AI models from DeepMind, the ability to work with Google experts from DeepMind and Google Labs, and Google Cloud credits. Some startups will also have the opportunity to receive direct investment from Google.

>

> "The AI Futures Fund doesn't follow a batch or cohort model," a Google spokesperson told TechCrunch. "Instead, we consider opportunities on a rolling basis -- there's no fixed application window or deadline. When we come across companies that align with the fund's thesis, we may choose to invest. We're not announcing a specific fund size at this time, and check sizes vary based on the company's stage and needs -- typically early to mid-stage, with flexibility for later-stage opportunities as well."

Startups can apply [3]here .



[1] https://blog.google/technology/google-labs/ai-futures-fund/

[2] https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/12/google-launches-new-initiative-to-back-startups-building-ai/

[3] https://labs.google/aifuturesfund

Philips has launched a new initiative called "Philips Fixables," [1]offering free, officially drafted 3D-printable replacement parts to encourage self-repair and sustainability. The program is initially available in the Czech Republic but aims to expand over time. Tom's Hardware reports:

> This is a new idea, so only one component is available right now for download. The piece happens to be a 3mm comb for one of their shavers, but Philips assures there will be more components made available for more of their devices over time. This isn't the release of a grand library of parts by any means, but it does showcase a shift in supporting communities in search of businesses that support repairable hardware. [...]

>

> The official Philips Fixables web page has a link for anyone in the general public to submit a request to add a specific component. Philips will notify customers with a download link if the component they suggested is able to be shared to Philips Fixables. It's not clear what sort of turnaround time to expect for these requests and whether there are limitations on what components will be made available.

>

> According to Philips, consumers must adhere to the recommended print settings for their components to get the best results. This is the only way to ensure the replacement part is sturdy enough to stand in for a repair. Compromising on fill space for time could make or break your user experience, for example, but if done correctly, a replacement 3D print can be a useful long term solution.

You can check out the files over at [2]Printables.com .



[1] https://www.tomshardware.com/3d-printing/philips-debuts-3d-printable-components-to-repair-products

[2] http://printables.com/

Over 400 prominent UK media and arts figures -- including Paul McCartney, Elton John, and Ian McKellen -- have urged the prime minister to support an amendment to the Data Bill that would [1]require AI companies to disclose which copyrighted works they use for training . The Register reports:

> The UK government proposes to allow exceptions to copyright rules in the case of text and data mining needed for AI training, with an opt-out option for content producers. "Government amendments requiring an economic impact assessment and reports on the feasibility of an 'opt-out' copyright regime and transparency requirements do not meet the moment, but simply leave creators open to years of copyright theft," the letter says.

>

> The group -- which also includes Kate Bush, Robbie Williams, Tom Stoppard, and Russell T Davies -- said the amendments tabled for the Lords debate would create a requirement for AI firms to tell copyright owners which individual works they have ingested. "Copyright law is not broken, but you can't enforce the law if you can't see the crime taking place. Transparency requirements would make the risk of infringement too great for AI firms to continue to break the law," the letter states.

Baroness Kidron, who proposed the amendment, said: "How AI is developed and who it benefits are two of the most important questions of our time. The UK creative industries reflect our national stories, drive tourism, create wealth for the nation, and provide 2.4 million jobs across our four nations. They must not be sacrificed to the interests of a handful of US tech companies." Baroness Kidron added: "The UK is in a unique position to take its place as a global player in the international AI supply chain, but to grasp that opportunity requires the transparency provided for in my amendments, which are essential to create a vibrant licensing market."

The letter was also signed by a number of media organizations, including the Financial Times, the Daily Mail, and the National Union of Journalists.



[1] https://www.theregister.com/2025/05/12/uk_creatives_ai_letter/

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Reuters:

> Countries are meeting at the United Nations on Monday to [1]revive efforts to regulate the kinds of AI-controlled autonomous weapons increasingly used in modern warfare , as experts warn time is running out to put guardrails on new lethal technology. Autonomous and artificial intelligence-assisted weapons systems are already playing a greater role in conflicts from Ukraine to Gaza. And rising defence spending worldwide promises to provide a further boost for burgeoning AI-assisted military technology.

>

> Progress towards establishing global rules governing their development and use, however, has not kept pace. And internationally binding standards remain virtually non-existent. Since 2014, countries that are part of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) have been meeting in Geneva to discuss a potential ban fully autonomous systems that operate without meaningful human control and regulate others. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has set a 2026 deadline for states to establish clear rules on AI weapon use. But human rights groups warn that consensus among governments is lacking. Alexander Kmentt, head of arms control at Austria's foreign ministry, said that must quickly change.

>

> "Time is really running out to put in some guardrails so that the nightmare scenarios that some of the most noted experts are warning of don't come to pass," he told Reuters. Monday's gathering of the U.N. General Assembly in New York will be the body's first meeting dedicated to autonomous weapons. Though not legally binding, diplomatic officials want the consultations to ramp up pressure on military powers that are resisting regulation due to concerns the rules could dull the technology's battlefield advantages. Campaign groups hope the meeting, which will also address critical issues not covered by the CCW, including ethical and human rights concerns and the use of autonomous weapons by non-state actors, will push states to agree on a legal instrument. They view it as a crucial litmus test on whether countries are able to bridge divisions ahead of the next round of CCW talks in September.

"This issue needs clarification through a legally binding treaty. The technology is moving so fast," said Patrick Wilcken, Amnesty International's Researcher on Military, Security and Policing. "The idea that you wouldn't want to rule out the delegation of life or death decisions ... to a machine seems extraordinary."

In 2023, 164 states [2]signed a 2023 U.N. General Assembly resolution calling for the international community to urgently address the risks posed by autonomous weapons.



[1] https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/nations-meet-un-killer-robot-talks-regulation-lags-2025-05-12/

[2] https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/news/164-states-vote-against-the-machine/

Google is [1]updating its iconic 'G' logo for the first time in 10 years, replacing the four solid color sections with a smooth gradient transition from red to yellow to green to blue. "This modernization feels inline with the Gemini gradient, while AI Mode in Search uses something similar for a shortcut," notes 9to5Google. The update has already rolled out to the Google Search app on iOS and is in beta for Android. From the report:

> It's a subtle change that you might not immediately notice, especially if the main place you see it is on your homescreen. It will be even less noticeable as a tiny browser favicon. It does not appear that Google is refreshing its main six-letter logo today, while it's unclear whether any other product logos are changing. In theory, some of the company's four-color logos, like Chrome or Maps, could pretty easily start bleeding in their sections.



[1] https://9to5google.com/2025/05/12/google-icon-update/

Ticketmaster will now [1]show full ticket prices upfront -- fees included. "The company announced the ' [2]All In Prices' initiative on Monday as part of its efforts to comply with the Federal Trade Commission's [3]ban on junk fees , which goes into effect on May 12th," notes The Verge. From the report:

> Now, when you're shopping for tickets, Ticketmaster will display a ticket's full price, alongside a dropdown menu that you can select to see how much you're paying for the "Face Value" of a ticket and the service fee. You still won't see local taxes or delivery fees until checkout.

>

> Ticketmaster says it has made some improvements to its queue as well, by offering real-time updates about ticket availability and when wait times are expected to last more than 30 minutes. It also allows customers to see exactly how many people are ahead of them in the queue.



[1] https://www.theverge.com/news/665087/ticketmaster-all-in-prices-junk-fees

[2] https://www.ticketmaster.com/welcome/all-in?_gl=1*l0wl8g*_gcl_au*MTIwOTQyMDU2OC4xNzQ3MDY1MDM5*_ga*NTgzMTk1MjQ0LjE3NDcwNjUwMzk.*_ga_C1T806G4DF*czE3NDcwNjg1MDgkbzIkZzEkdDE3NDcwNjkxMTUkajYwJGwwJGgw*_ga_H1KKSGW33X*czE3NDcwNjg1MDgkbzIkZzEkdDE3NDcwNjkxMTUkajYwJGwwJGgw&_ga=2.170543333.432104344.1747065039-583195244.1747065039&irgwc=1&clickid=0%3A33-F29IxycWeTyNu38A2yXUksWpsV-N0rF0w0&camefrom=CFC_BUYAT_10078&impradid=10078&REFERRAL_ID=tmfeedbuyat10078&wt.mc_id=aff_BUYAT_10078&utm_source=10078-Skimbit%20Ltd.&impradname=Skimbit%20Ltd.&utm_medium=affiliate&ircid=4272

[3] https://yro.slashdot.org/story/25/05/07/0043243/ftc-bans-hidden-fees-for-live-events-and-short-term-rentals

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica:

> Last Thursday, white smoke emerged from a chimney at the Sistine Chapel, signaling that cardinals had [1]elected a new pope . That's a rare event in itself, but one of the many unprecedented aspects of the election of Chicago-born Robert Prevost as Pope Leo XIV is one of the main reasons he chose his papal name: artificial intelligence. On Saturday, the new pope gave his [2]first address to the College of Cardinals, explaining his name choice as a [3]continuation of Pope Francis' concerns about technological transformation . "Sensing myself called to continue in this same path, I chose to take the name Leo XIV," he [4]said during the address. "There are different reasons for this, but mainly because Pope Leo XIII in his historic Encyclical Rerum Novarum addressed the social question in the context of the first great industrial revolution."

>

> In his address, Leo XIV explicitly described "artificial intelligence" developments as "another industrial revolution," positioning himself to address this technological shift as his namesake had done over a century ago. As the head of an ancient religious organization that spans millennia, the pope's talk about AI creates a somewhat head-spinning juxtaposition, but Leo XIV isn't the first pope to focus on defending human dignity in the age of AI. Pope Francis, who died in April, first established AI as a Vatican priority, as we reported [5]in August 2023 when he warned during his 2023 World Day of Peace message that AI should not allow "violence and discrimination to take root." In January of this year, Francis [6]further elaborated on his warnings about AI with reference to a "shadow of evil" that potentially looms over the field in a document called "Antiqua et Nova" (meaning "the old and the new").

>

> "Like any product of human creativity, AI can be directed toward positive or negative ends," Francis said in January. "When used in ways that respect human dignity and promote the well-being of individuals and communities, it can contribute positively to the human vocation. Yet, as in all areas where humans are called to make decisions, the shadow of evil also looms here. Where human freedom allows for the possibility of choosing what is wrong, the moral evaluation of this technology will need to take into account how it is directed and used." [...] Just as mechanization disrupted traditional labor in the 1890s, artificial intelligence now potentially threatens employment patterns and human dignity in ways that Pope Leo XIV believes demand similar moral leadership from the church. "In our own day," Leo XIV concluded in his formal address on Saturday, "the Church offers to everyone the treasury of her social teaching in response to another industrial revolution and to developments in the field of artificial intelligence that pose new challenges for the defense of human dignity, justice, and labor."



[1] https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/cardinal-elected-pope-papal-name.html

[2] https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/speeches/2025/may/documents/20250510-collegio-cardinalizio.html

[3] https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2025/05/new-pope-chose-his-name-based-on-ais-threats-to-human-dignity/

[4] https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/speeches/2025/may/documents/20250510-collegio-cardinalizio.html

[5] https://slashdot.org/story/23/08/08/2040251/pope-warns-of-ai-risks-so-violence-and-discrimination-does-not-take-root

[6] https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2025/01/28/0083/01166.html

Apple is planning to use AI technology to address a frequent source of customer frustration: [1]the iPhone's battery life . From a report:

> The company is planning an AI-powered battery management mode for iOS 19, an iPhone software update due in September, according to people with knowledge of the matter. The enhancement will analyze how a person uses their device and make adjustments to conserve energy, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the service hasn't been announced.

>

> To create the technology -- part of the Apple Intelligence platform -- the company is using battery data it has collected from users' devices to understand trends and make predictions for when it should lower the power draw of certain applications or features. There also will be a lock-screen indicator showing how long it will take to charge up the device, said the people.



[1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-12/apple-plans-ai-powered-battery-management-mode-for-devices-in-ios-19

An anonymous reader shares a report:

> A new report claims that Nvidia has recently [1]raised the official prices of nearly all of its products to combat the impact of tariffs and surging manufacturing costs on its business, with gaming graphics cards receiving a 5 to 10% hike while AI GPUs see up to a 15% increase.

>

> As reported by Digitimes Taiwan, Nvidia is facing "multiple crises," including a $5.5 billion hit to its quarterly earnings over export restrictions on AI chips, including a ban on sales of its H20 chips to China.

>

> Digitimes reports that CEO Jensen Huang has been "shuttling back and forth" between the US and China to minimize the impact of tariffs, and that "in order to maintain stable profitability," Nvidia has reportedly recently raised official prices for almost all its products, allowing its partners to increase prices accordingly.



[1] https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/nvidia-reportedly-raises-gpu-prices-by-10-15-percent-as-manufacturing-costs-surge-tariffs-and-tsmc-price-hikes-filter-down-to-retailers

Chegg said on Monday it would [1]lay off about 22% of its workforce , or 248 employees, to cut costs and streamline its operations as students increasingly [2]turn to AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT over traditional edtech platforms. From a report:

> The company, an online education firm that offers textbook rentals, homework help and tutoring, has been grappling with a decline in web traffic for months and warned that the trend would likely worsen before improving.

>

> Google's expansion of AI Overviews is keeping web traffic confined within its search ecosystem while gradually shifting searches to its Gemini AI platform, Chegg said, adding that other AI companies including OpenAI and Anthropic were courting academics with free access to subscriptions. As part of the restructuring announced on Monday, Chegg will also shut its U.S. and Canada offices by the end of the year and aim to reduce its marketing, product development efforts and general and administrative expenses.



[1] https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/chegg-lay-off-22-workforce-ai-tools-shake-up-edtech-industry-2025-05-12/

[2] https://news.slashdot.org/story/24/11/15/233253/chegg-down-from-12-billion-to-159-million-in-value-lays-off-hundreds-ceo-blames-google-and-ai

The climate crisis is threatening the future of the world's most popular fruit, as almost two-thirds of banana-growing areas in Latin America and the Caribbean may no longer be suitable for growing the fruit by 2080, new research has found. From a report:

> Rising temperatures, extreme weather and climate-related pests are [1]pummeling banana-growing countries such as Guatemala, Costa Rica and Colombia, reducing yields and devastating rural communities across the region, according to Christian Aid's [2]new report , Going Bananas: How Climate Change Threatens the World's Favourite Fruit.

>

> Bananas are the world's most consumed fruit -- and the fourth most important food crop globally, after wheat, rice and maize. About 80% of bananas grown globally are for local consumption, and more than 400 million people rely on the fruit for 15% to 27% of their daily calories.



[1] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/may/12/climate-crisis-threatens-the-banana-the-worlds-most-popular-fruit-research-shows

[2] https://www.christianaid.org.uk/resources/our-work/going-bananas-report

Western Digital has [1]made a strategic investment in German startup Cerabyte , a company developing nearly indestructible ceramic-based data storage technology. The partnership aims to accelerate commercialization of Cerabyte's ceramic-on-glass material, which the company claims can preserve data for 5,000 years.

Cerabyte recently demonstrated its technology's resilience by boiling storage devices in salt water and subjecting them to oven-level heat. The company states its ceramic storage withstands fire, moisture, UV light, radiation, corrosion, and EMP bursts. Beyond durability, Cerabyte aims to enable massive capacity increases as the industry moves toward what it calls the "Yottabyte era," while targeting storage costs below $1 per TB by 2030.



[1] https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/storage/western-digital-is-investing-in-ceramic-hard-drive-pioneer-cerabyte-companys-nearly-indestructible-storage-device-gets-a-key-backer

Apple is [1]weighing price increases for its fall iPhone lineup , a step it is seeking to couple with new features and design changes, according to WSJ, which cited people familiar with the matter. From the report:

> The company is determined to avoid any scenario in which it appears to attribute price increases to U.S. tariffs on goods from China, where most Apple devices are assembled, the people said. The U.S. and China agreed Monday to suspend most of the tariffs they had imposed on each other in a tit-for-tat trade war.



[1] https://news.slashdot.org/story/25/05/12/0826256/us-and-china-agree-to-temporarily-slash-tariffs

The United States and China said Monday they [1]reached an agreement to temporarily reduce the tariffs [ [2]non-paywalled source ] they have imposed on each other in an attempt to defuse the trade war threatening the world's two largest economies. From a report:

> In a joint statement, the countries said they would suspend their respective tariffs for 90 days while they negotiate. Under the agreement, the United States would reduce the tariff on Chinese imports to 30 percent from its current 145 percent, while China would lower its import duty on American goods to 10 percent from 125 percent.

>

> "We concluded that we have a shared interest," said Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent at a news conference in Geneva where U.S. and Chinese officials met over the weekend. "The consensus from both delegations is that neither side wanted a decoupling," he said. The agreement breaks an impasse that had brought trade between China and the United States to a halt. Many American businesses had suspended orders, holding out hope that the two countries could strike a deal to bring down the tariff rates while raising the spectre of price increases.



[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/business/china-us-tariffs.html

[2] https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/12/business/us-china-trade-deal-announcement-intl-hnk

Evidence is mounting for "a vast reservoir of liquid water" on Mars, [1]according to a new article by Australian National University professor [2]Hrvoje TkalÄiÄ and geophysics associate professor Weijia Sun from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, announcing their [3]recently published paper .

"Using seismic data from NASA's InSight mission, we uncovered evidence that the seismic waves slow down in a layer between 5.4 and 8 kilometres below the surface, which could be because of the presence of liquid water at these depths."

> Mars is covered in traces of ancient bodies of water. But the puzzle of exactly where it all went when the planet turned cold and dry has long intrigued scientists... [4]Billions of years ago , during the Noachian and Hesperian periods (4.1 billion to 3 billion years ago), rivers carved valleys and lakes shimmered. As Mars' magnetic field faded and its atmosphere thinned, most surface water vanished. Some escaped to space, some froze in polar caps, and some was trapped in minerals, where it remains today. But evaporation, freezing and rocks can't quite account for all the water that must have covered Mars in the distant past.

>

> Calculations [5]suggest the "missing" water is enough to cover the planet in an ocean at least 700 metres deep, and perhaps up to 900 metres deep. One hypothesis has been that the missing water seeped into the crust. Mars was heavily bombarded by meteorites during the Noachian period, which may have formed fractures that channelled water underground. Deep beneath the surface, warmer temperatures would keep the water in a liquid state — unlike the frozen layers nearer the surface.

>

> In 2018, NASA's [6]InSight lander touched down on Mars to listen to the planet's interior with a super-sensitive [7]seismometer . By studying a particular kind of vibration called "shear waves", we found a significant underground anomaly: a layer between 5.4 and 8 kilometres down where these vibrations move more slowly. This "low-velocity layer" is most likely highly porous rock filled with liquid water , like a saturated sponge. Something like Earth's aquifers, where groundwater seeps into rock pores. We calculated the "aquifer layer" on Mars could hold enough water to cover the planet in a global ocean 520-780m deep.

InSight's seismometer captured vibrations between the crust of Mars and its lower layers from two meteorite impacts in 2021 and a Marsquake in 2022. "These signatures let us pinpoint boundaries where rock changes, revealing the water-soaked layer 5.4 to 8 kilometres deep."

It's an exciting possibility. "Purified, it could provide drinking water, oxygen, or fuel for rockets." And since microbes thrives on earth in deep rocks filled with water, "Could similar life, perhaps relics of ancient Martian ecosystems, persist in these reservoirs?"



[1] https://theconversation.com/meteorites-and-marsquakes-hint-at-an-underground-ocean-of-liquid-water-on-the-red-planet-255408

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvoje_Tkal%C4%8Di%C4%87

[3] https://academic.oup.com/nsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nsr/nwaf166/8120219

[4] https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-062420-052845

[5] http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7717

[6] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-0544-y

[7] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6

Business Insider [1]tells the story in three bullet points :

- Big Tech companies depend on content made by others to train their AI models.

- Some of those creators say using their work to train AI is copyright infringement.

- The U.S. Copyright Office just [2]published a report that indicates it may agree.

> The office released on Friday its latest in a series of reports exploring copyright laws and artificial intelligence. The report addresses whether the copyrighted content AI companies use to train their AI models qualifies under the [3]fair use doctrine . AI companies are probably not going to like what they read...

>

> AI execs argue they haven't violated copyright laws because the training falls under fair use. According to the U.S. Copyright Office's new report, however, it's not that simple. "Although it is not possible to prejudge the result in any particular case, precedent supports the following general observations," the office said. "Various uses of copyrighted works in AI training are likely to be transformative. The extent to which they are fair, however, will depend on what works were used, from what source, for what purpose, and with what controls on the outputs — all of which can affect the market."

>

> The office made a distinction between AI models for research and commercial AI models. "When a model is deployed for purposes such as analysis or research — the types of uses that are critical to international competitiveness — the outputs are unlikely to substitute for expressive works used in training," the office said. "But making commercial use of vast troves of copyrighted works to produce expressive content that competes with them in existing markets, especially where this is accomplished through illegal access, goes beyond established fair use boundaries ."

The report says outputs "substantially similar to copyrighted works in the dataset" are less likely to be considered transformative than when the purpose "is to deploy it for research, or in a closed system that constrains it to a non-substitutive task."

Business Insider adds that "A day after the office released the report, President Donald Trump [4]fired its director , Shira Perlmutter, a spokesperson told Business Insider ."



[1] https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-copyright-office-thoughts-ai-235936541.html

[2] https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-3-Generative-AI-Training-Report-Pre-Publication-Version.pdf

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use

[4] https://apnews.com/article/copyright-director-firing-government-trump-7ab99992a96131bce7de853b66feec68