How were the Pyramids built? NBC News reported on " [1]a possible answer " after new evidence was published earlier this year [2]in the journal Communications Earth & Environment .

The theory? "[A]n extinct branch of the Nile River once weaved through the landscape in a much wetter climate."

> Dozens of Egyptian pyramids across a 40-mile-long range rimmed the waterway, the study says, including the best-known complex in Giza. The waterway allowed workers to transport stone and other materials to build the monuments, according to the study. Raised causeways stretched out horizontally, connecting the pyramids to river ports along the Nile's bank.

>

> Drought, in combination with seismic activity that tilted the landscape, most likely caused the river to dry up over time and ultimately fill with silt, removing most traces of it.

>

> The research team based its conclusions on data from satellites that send radar waves to penetrate the Earth's surface and detect hidden features. It also relied on sediment cores and maps from 1911 to uncover and trace the imprint of the ancient waterway. Such tools are helping environmental scientists map the ancient Nile, which is now covered by desert sand and agricultural fields... The study builds on [3]research from 2022 , which used ancient evidence of pollen grains from marsh species to suggest that a waterway once cut through the present-day desert.

Granite blocks weighing several tons were transported hundreds of miles, according to a professor of Egyptology at Harvard University — who tells NBC they were moved without wheels. But this new evidence that the Nile was closer to the pyramids lends further support to the evolving "canals" theory.

In 2011 archaeologist Pierre Tallet found 30 different man-made caves in remote Egyptian hills, [4]according to Smithsonian magazine . eventually locating the oldest papyrus rolls ever discovered — which were written by the builders of the Great Pyramid of Giza, describing a team of 200 workers moving limestone upriver. And in a [5]2017 documentary archaeologists were already reporting evidence of a waterway underneath the great Giza plateau.

Slashdot reader [6]Smonster found an alternate theory in this [7]2001 announcement from Caltech :

> Mory Gharib and his team raised a 6,900-pound, 15-foot obelisk into vertical position in the desert near Palmdale by using nothing more than a kite, a pulley system, and a support frame... One might ask whether there was and is sufficient wind in Egypt for a kite or a drag chute to fly. The answer is that steady winds of up to 30 miles-per-hour are not unusual in the areas where the pyramids and obelisks are found.

"We're not Egyptologists," Gharib added. "We're mainly interested in determining whether there is a possibility that the Egyptians were aware of wind power, and whether they used it to make their lives better."



[1] https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/egypt-pyramids-giza-nile-branch-study-rcna152494

[2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01379-7

[3] https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2202530119

[4] https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ancient-egypt-shipping-mining-farming-economy-pyramids-180956619/

[5] https://youtu.be/TihUZmWUF6c

[6] https://www.slashdot.org/~Smonster

[7] https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-researchers-successfully-raise-obeliskwith-kite-test-theory-about-ancient-pyramids-501

Ars Technica reports NASA officials operating the International Space Station "are seriously concerned about a small Russian part of the station" — because it's leaking.

The "PrK" tunnel connecting a larger module to a docking port "has been leaking since September 2019... In February of this year NASA identified an increase in the leak rate from less than 1 pound of atmosphere a day to 2.4 pounds a day, and in April this rate increased to 3.7 pounds a day."

> [1]A new report , published Thursday by NASA's inspector general, provides details not previously released by the space agency that underline the severity of the problem...

>

> Despite years of investigation, neither Russian nor US officials have identified the underlying cause of the leak. "Although the root cause of the leak remains unknown, both agencies have narrowed their focus to internal and external welds," the report, signed by Deputy Inspector General George A. Scott, states. The plan to mitigate the risk is to keep the hatch on the Zvezda module leading to the PrK tunnel closed. Eventually, if the leak worsens further, this hatch might need to be closed permanently, reducing the number of Russian docking ports on the space station from four to three.

>

> Publicly, NASA has sought to minimize concerns about the cracking issue because it remains, to date, confined to the PrK tunnel and has not spread to other parts of the station. Nevertheless, [2] Ars reported in June that the cracking issue has reached the highest level of concern on the space agency's 5x5 "risk matrix" to classify the likelihood and consequence of risks to spaceflight activities. The Russian leaks are now classified as a "5" both in terms of high likelihood and high consequence.

"According to NASA, Roscosmos is confident they will be able to monitor and close the hatch to the Service Module prior to the leak rate reaching an untenable level. However, NASA and Roscosmos have not reached an agreement on the point at which the leak rate is untenable."

The article adds that the Space Station should reach its end of life by either 2028 or 2030, and NASA "intends to transition its activities in low-Earth orbit onto private space stations," and has funded Axiom Space, Blue Origin, and Voyager Space for initial development.

"There is general uncertainty as to whether any of the private space station operators will be ready in 2030."



[1] https://oig.nasa.gov/topics/space-operations/nasas-management-of-risks-to-sustaining-iss-operations-through-2030/

[2] https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/06/on-the-space-station-band-aid-fixes-for-systemic-problems/

The world's oldest and largest cancer research association " [1]found excessive levels of alcohol consumption increase the risk for six different types of cancer," [2]reports CBS News :

> "Some of this is happening through chronic inflammation. We also know that alcohol changes the microbiome, so those are the bacteria that live in your gut, and that can also increase the risk," Dr. Céline Gounder, CBS News medical contributor and editor-at-large for public health at KFF Health News, recently said [3]on "CBS Mornings ."

>

> But how much is too much when it comes to drinking? We asked experts what to know. "Excessive levels of alcohol" equates to about three or more drinks per day for women and four or more drinks per day for men, Gounder said... Other studies have shown, however, there is [4]no "safe amount " of alcohol, Gounder said, particularly if you have underlying medical conditions. "If you don't drink, don't start drinking. If you do drink, really try to keep it within moderation," she said.

>

> Dr. Amy Commander, medical director of the Mass General Cancer Center specializing in breast cancer, told CBS News alcohol is the third leading modifiable risk factor that can increase cancer risk after accounting for cigarette smoking and excess body weight. [Other factors include physical inactivity — and diet]. "There really isn't a safe amount of alcohol for consumption," she said. "In fact, it's best to not drink alcohol at all, but that is obviously hard for many people. So I think it's really important for individuals to just be mindful of their alcohol consumption and certainly drink less."

The article also includes an interesting statistic from the association's [5]latest Cancer Progress Report : from 1991 to 2021 there's been a [6]33% reduction in overall cancer deaths in the U.S. That's 4.1 million lives saved — roughly 136,667 lives saved each year.

"So that is hopeful," Commander said, adding that when it comes to preventing cancer, alcohol is just "one piece of the puzzle."



[1] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cancer-deaths-alcohol-report/

[2] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alcohol-cancer-risk-what-to-know/

[3] https://www.cbsnews.com/video/new-report-details-link-between-excessive-alcohol-use-and-cancer/

[4] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alcohol-and-health-no-safe-level-of-drinking-major-new-study-concludes/

[5] https://cancerprogressreport.aacr.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/09/AACR_CPR_2024.pdf

[6] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cancer-deaths-alcohol-report/

Slashdot reader [1]Hmmmmmm shared [2]this report from NBC News :

> Octopuses don't always hunt alone — but their partners aren't who you'd expect. A new study shows that some members of the species Octopus cyanea maraud around the seafloor in hunting groups with fish, which sometimes include several fish species at once.

>

> The research, published [3]in the journal Nature on Monday , even suggests that the famously intelligent animals organized the hunting groups' decisions, including what they should prey upon. What's more, the researchers witnessed the cephalopod species — often called the big blue or day octopus — punching companion fish, apparently to keep them on task and contributing to the collective effort... "If the group is very still and everyone is around the octopus, it starts punching, but if the group is moving along the habitat, this means that they're looking for prey, so the octopus is happy. It doesn't punch anyone..." [said Eduardo Sampaio, a postdoctoral researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior and the lead author of the research].

NBC News says the study is "an indication that at least one octopus species has characteristics and markers of intelligence that scientists once considered common only in vertebrates."

Lead author Sampaio agrees that "We are very similar to these animals. In terms of sentience, they are at a very close level or closer than we think toward us."



[1] https://www.slashdot.org/~Hmmmmmm

[2] https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/octopuses-hunt-with-fish-punch-video-rcna171705

[3] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-03127-5#ref-CR1

An anonymous reader shared [1]this report from the Washington Post :

> Look at the top right corner of your phone. You might see an icon with "5G" and another with vertical bars showing the strength of your internet connection. Those symbols don't mean what you think they do.

>

> If your phone shows "5G," you're not necessarily connected to the latest and zippiest cellphone network technology. It might just mean that 5G connections are available nearby. And the bars are a cellular version of a shrug. There is no standard measure of how much signal strength each bar represents. "The connection icon is a lie," said Avi Greengart, president of the technology analysis firm Techsponential...

>

> The good news is you might not need 5G, anyway. Most of the time, your phone calls, texting and web surfing are perfectly fine on the prior generation of wireless technology called 4G or sometimes "LTE." Many phone networks will funnel you over 5G service when it makes a real difference, like if you're on a video call or playing an intense video game.

>

> If you see more specific types of 5G icons, like "5G UW" used by Verizon or "5G UC" if you're on T-Mobile service, Hyers said you're probably connected to a 5G network at that moment. Those extra letters or symbols sometimes indicate types of 5G technology that are capable of faster and more reliable connections, [2]but they aren't always better , depending on your circumstances. Confusingly, AT&T has showed "5G E" icons on phones. That is [3]not 5G service at all .

Here's how major carriers responded to the Post's reporter:

"AT&T said its '5G' indicators on phones line up with a telecommunications standards organization that established the icon to mean 5G networks are available."

"Verizon didn't respond to my questions."

"T-Mobile said for most of its cellphone network, your phone accurately reflects if you're on 5G."

The article suggests setting your phone to just automatically switch to 5G networks when high-bandwidth applications are in use...



[1] https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/your-phone-s-5g-icon-and-signal-bars-are-lying-to-you/ar-AA1r88dy

[2] https://www.theverge.com/22914668/5g-uw-uc-icon-meaning-verizon-att-t-mobile

[3] https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/20/21265048/att-5g-e-misleading-advertising-recommendation-narb

[1]Past [2]studies have suggested a major ocean current could collapse, quickly changing temperatures and climate patterns, [3]reports the Washington Post .

"But scientists [4]disagree on whether the the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is already slowing, and questions remain as to whether a variety of proxy measurements actually indicate a slowdown" — including a new analysis arguing that the current " [5]has remained remarkably stable ."

> One way to detect AMOC weakening is to monitor the strength of its components such as the Florida Current, which flows swiftly from the Gulf of Mexico into the North Atlantic. The current is a "major contributor" to the AMOC, the researchers write, and a slowdown of the current might indicate a slowdown of the AMOC. Scientists have been tracking its strength since the 1980s using a submarine cable that measures the volume of water it transports.

>

> In the current study, researchers reconsider the data, correcting for a gradual shift in Earth's magnetic field that they say affected the cable measurements. Previous assessments of the uncorrected data showed a slight slowing in the Florida Current. But when they corrected for the shift in Earth's magnetic field, the researchers write, they found that the current "has remained remarkably stable" and not declined significantly over the past 40 years.

The researchers' announcement acknowledges that "It is possible that the AMOC is changing without a corresponding change in the Florida Current..."



[1] https://news.slashdot.org/story/23/07/25/184200/gulf-stream-could-collapse-as-early-as-2025-study-suggests

[2] https://news.slashdot.org/story/24/02/11/2141215/computer-simulations-of-atlantic-ocean-currents-finds-collapse-could-happen-in-our-lifetime

[3] https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/study-a-key-ocean-current-is-holding-strong-despite-a-predicted-slowdown/ar-AA1qWWhp

[4] https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00896-4

[5] https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/reassessing-the-stability-of-the-florida-current-new-insights-from-40-years-of-observations/

Researchers propose a "deceptively simple" way to sequester carbon, reports the Washington Post: [1]burying wood underground :

> Forests are Earth's lungs, sucking up six times more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the amount people pump into the atmosphere every year by burning coal and other fossil fuels. But much of that carbon quickly makes its way back into the air once insects, fungi and bacteria chew through leaves and other plant material. Even wood, the hardiest part of a tree, will succumb within a few decades to these decomposers. What if that decay could be delayed? Under the right conditions, tons of wood could be buried underground in wood vaults, locking in a portion of human-generated CO2 for potentially thousands of years.

>

> While other carbon-capture technologies rely on expensive and energy-intensive machines to extract CO2, the tools for putting wood underground are simple: a tractor and a backhoe.

>

> Finding the right conditions to impede decomposition over millennia is the tough part. To test the idea, [Ning Zeng, a University of Maryland climate scientist] worked with colleagues in Quebec to entomb wood under clay soil on a crop field about 30 miles east of Montreal... But when the scientists went digging in 2013, they uncovered something unexpected: A piece of wood already buried about 6½ feet underground. The craggy, waterlogged piece of eastern red cedar appeared remarkably well preserved. "I remember standing there looking at other people, thinking, 'Do we really need to continue this experiment?'" Zeng recalled. " [2]Because here's the evidence ...."

>

> Radiocarbon dating revealed the log to be 3,775 years old, give or take a few decades. Comparing the old chunk of wood to a freshly cut piece of cedar showed the ancient log lost less than 5 percent of its carbon over the millennia. The log was surrounded by stagnant, oxygen-deprived groundwater and covered by an impermeable layer of clay, preventing fungi and insects from consuming the wood. Lignin, a tough material that gives trees their strength, protected the wood's carbohydrates from subterranean bacteria...

>

> The researchers estimate buried wood can sequester up 10 billion tons of CO2 per year, which is more than a quarter of annual global emissions from energy, [3]according to the International Energy Agency .



[1] https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/this-3-775-year-old-log-may-hold-the-secret-to-slowing-climate-change/ar-AA1rgy5m

[2] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm8133

[3] https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2023/executive-summary

When it comes to professional certifications, the long-running nonprofit [1]Linux Professional Institute boasts they've issued 250,000, making them the world's largest Linux/Open Source certification body. And last week they [2]announced a "strategic alliance" with the Open Source Initiative (OSI), which will now be "participating in development and maintenance of these programs."

The announcement points out that the Open Source Initiative already has many distinct responsibilities. Besides creating the Open Source Definition — and certifying that Open Source licenses meet the requirements of Open Source software — the OSI's mission is to "encourage the growth of Open Source communities around the world," which includes "educational and outreach efforts to spread Open Source principles."

So the ultimate goal is "strengthening Linux and Open Source communities," according to the announcement, by "nurturing the growth of more highly skilled professionals," with the OSI encouraging more people to get certifications for employers. The Open Source movement "has never been in greater need of educated professionals," says OSI executive director Stefano Maffulli, "to drive the next leap forward in Open Source understanding, innovation, and adoption... "This partnership with LPI is one in a series of initiatives that will increase accessibility to the certifications and community participation that Open Source needs to thrive."

And the LPI's executive director says it's their group's mission "to promote the use of open source by supporting the people who work with it. A closer relationship with OSI makes a valuable contribution to this effort."

The move "reaffirms the commitment of LPI and OSI to enhance the adoption of Linux and Open Source technology," according to the announcement.



[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Professional_Institute

[2] https://www.lpi.org/articles/lpi-and-osi-unite-to-strengthen-the-linux-and-open-source-software-ecosystem/

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Reuters:

> A federal judge in California has ordered the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to strengthen regulations for fluoride in drinking water, saying the compound poses an [1]unreasonable potential risk to children at levels that are currently typical nationwide. U.S. District Judge Edward Chen in San Francisco on Tuesday [2]sided (PDF) with several advocacy groups, finding the current practice of adding fluoride to drinking water supplies to fight cavities [3]presented unreasonable risks for children's developing brains .

>

> Chen said the advocacy groups had established during a non-jury trial that fluoride posed an unreasonable risk of harm sufficient to require a regulatory response by the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act. "The scientific literature in the record provides a high level of certainty that a hazard is present; fluoride is associated with reduced IQ," wrote Chen, an appointee of Democratic former President Barack Obama. But the judge stressed he was not concluding with certainty that fluoridated water endangered public health. [...] The EPA said it was reviewing the decision.

"The court's historic decision should help pave the way towards better and safer fluoride standards for all," Michael Connett, a lawyer for the advocacy groups, said in a statement on Wednesday.



[1] https://science.slashdot.org/story/24/08/22/2318215/fluoride-at-twice-the-recommended-limit-is-linked-to-lower-iq-in-kids

[2] https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/egpbozdqkvq/09252024fluoride.pdf

[3] https://www.reuters.com/world/us/epa-must-address-fluoridated-waters-risk-childrens-iqs-us-judge-rules-2024-09-25/

Black hole jets, which spew near-light-speed particle beams, [1]can trigger nearby white dwarf stars to explode by igniting hydrogen layers on their surfaces. "We don't know what's going on, but it's just a very exciting finding," said Alec Lessing, an astrophysicist at Stanford University and lead author of a new study describing the phenomenon, in an ESA [2]release . Gizmodo reports:

> In the recent work -- set to publish in The Astrophysical Journal and is [3]currently hosted on the preprint server arXiv -- the team studied 135 novae in the galaxy M87, which hosts a supermassive black hole of the same name at its core. M87 is 6.5 billion times the mass of the Sun and was the first black hole to be directly imaged, in work done in 2019 by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. The team found twice as many novae erupting near M87's 3,000 light-year-long plasma jet than elsewhere in the galaxy. The Hubble Space Telescope also directly imaged M87's jet, which you can see below in luminous blue detail. Though it looks fairly calm in the image, the distance deceives you: this is a long tendril of superheated, near-light speed particles, somehow triggering stars to erupt.

>

> Though previous researchers had suggested there was more activity in the jet's vicinity, new observations with Hubble's wider-view cameras revealed more of the novae brightening -- indicating they were blowing hydrogen up off their surface layers. "There's something that the jet is doing to the star systems that wander into the surrounding neighborhood. Maybe the jet somehow snowplows hydrogen fuel onto the white dwarfs, causing them to erupt more frequently," Lessing said in the release. "But it's not clear that it's a physical pushing. It could be the effect of the pressure of the light emanating from the jet. When you deliver hydrogen faster, you get eruptions faster." The new Hubble images of M87 are also the deepest yet taken, thanks to the newer cameras on Hubble. Though the team wrote in the paper that there's between a 0.1% to 1% chance that their observations can be chalked up to randomness, most signs point to the jet somehow catalyzing the stellar eruptions.



[1] https://gizmodo.com/jets-from-black-holes-cause-stars-to-explode-hubble-reveals-2000503788

[2] https://esahubble.org/news/heic2411/?lang

[3] https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.16856

Longtime Slashdot reader [1]penciling_in shares a report from CircleID:

> Starlink, SpaceX's satellite-based internet service, has hit a major milestone by [2]surpassing 4 million subscribers worldwide . SpaceX [3]confirmed the news on Thursday after company President Gwynne Shotwell hinted earlier in the week that the service would reach the mark within days. Since its beta launch in October 2020, Starlink has rapidly scaled, growing from 1 million subscribers by December 2022, to 2 million by September 2023, and now 4 million just months later. The service operates through a vast constellation of nearly 6,000 satellites, providing satellite internet to users in almost 100 countries, including expanding into previously underserved regions like Africa and the Pacific islands. [While competition from OneWeb and Amazon's Project Kuiper looms, Starlink remains the market leader. However, challenges like slowing U.S. growth and concerns over satellite interference with radio astronomy persist.]

Starlink is coming to [4]United Airlines' entire fleet and [5]Hawaiian Airlines Airbus flights . Air France also [6]announced yesterday that it, too, will support free Starlink Wi-Fi on all its aircraft.



[1] https://slashdot.org/~penciling_in

[2] https://circleid.com/posts/starlink-surpasses-4-million-subscribers-cementing-dominance-in-satellite-internet

[3] https://x.com/Starlink/status/1839424733198344617

[4] https://tech.slashdot.org/story/24/09/13/1520205/united-airlines-taps-starlink-for-free-in-flight-wi-fi

[5] https://mobile.slashdot.org/story/24/09/27/0039207/starlink-is-now-available-on-all-hawaiian-airlines-airbus-flights

[6] https://corporate.airfrance.com/en/news/air-france-launches-free-ultra-high-speed-wi-fi-board-all-its-aircraft

An anonymous reader quotes a report from TorrentFreak:

> The Dutch Supreme Court has [1]requested guidance from the EU's top court on geo-blocking, VPNs, and copyright in a case involving the online publication of [2]Anne Frank's manuscripts . The CJEU's response has the potential to reshape the online content distribution landscape, impacting streaming platforms and other services that rely on geo-blocking. VPNs services will monitor the matter with great interest too. [...] While early versions are presumably in the public domain in several countries, the original manuscripts are protected by copyright in the Netherlands until 2037. As a result, the copies published by the Dutch Anne Frank Stichting, are blocked for Dutch visitors. "The scholarly edition of the Anne Frank manuscripts cannot be made available in all countries, due to copyright considerations," is the message disallowed visitors get to see.

>

> This blocking effort is the result of a copyright battle. Ideally, Anne Frank Stichting would like to make the manuscripts available worldwide, but the Swiss 'Fonds' has not given permission for it to do so. And since some parts of the manuscript were first published in 1986, Dutch copyrights are still valid. In theory, geo-blocking efforts could alleviate the copyright concerns but, for the Fonds, these measures are not sufficient. After pointing out that people can bypass the blocking efforts with a VPN, it took the matter to court. Around the world, publishers and streaming services use geo-blocking as the standard measure to enforce geographical licenses. This applies to the Anne Frank Stichting, as well as Netflix, BBC iPlayer, news sites, and gaming platforms. The Anne Frank Fonds doesn't dispute this, but argued in court that people can circumvent these restrictions with a VPN, suggesting that the manuscripts shouldn't be published online at all. The lower court dismissed this argument, stating the defendants had taken reasonable measures to prevent access from the Netherlands. The Fonds appealed, but the appeal was also dismissed, and the case is now before the Dutch Supreme Court.

>

> The Fonds argues that the manuscript website is (in part) directed at a Dutch audience. Therefore, the defendants are making the manuscripts available in the Netherlands, regardless of the use of any blocking measures. The defendants, in turn, argue that the use of state-of-the-art geo-blocking, along with additional measures like a user declaration, is sufficient to prevent a communication to the public in the Netherlands. The defense relied on the opinion in the GO4YU case, which suggests that circumventing geo-blocking with a VPN does not constitute a communication to the public in the blocked territory, unless the blocking is intentionally ineffective.



[1] https://torrentfreak.com/anne-frank-copyright-dispute-triggers-vpn-and-geoblocking-questions-at-eus-highest-court-240924/

[2] https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/diary/

A U.S. Trademark Office tribunal [1]canceled Marvel and DC's jointly owned "Super Hero" trademarks after the companies failed to respond to a request by London-based Superbabies Ltd, which argued the marks couldn't be owned collectively or monopolize the superhero genre. The ruling was "not just a win for our client but a victory for creativity and innovation," said Superbabies attorney Adam Adler of Reichman Jorgensen Lehman & Feldberg. "By establishing SUPER HEROES' place in the public domain, we safeguard it as a symbol of heroism available to all storytellers." Reuters reports:

> Rivals Marvel and DC jointly own four federal trademarks covering the terms "Super Hero" and "Super Heroes," the oldest of which dates back to 1967. Richold writes comics featuring a team of super-hero babies called the Super Babies. According to Richold, DC accused his company of infringing the "Super Hero" marks and threatened legal action after Superbabies Ltd applied for U.S. trademarks covering the "Super Babies" name. Marvel and DC have cited their marks in opposing dozens of superhero-related trademark applications at the USPTO, according to the office's records. Superbabies [2]petitioned the office to cancel the marks in May. It argued that Marvel and DC cannot "claim ownership over an entire genre" with their trademarks, and that the two competitors cannot own trademarks together.



[1] https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/us-trademark-office-cancels-marvel-dcs-super-hero-marks-2024-09-26/

[2] https://rrsfirm.com/super-hero-trademark-dispute-with-marvel-and-dc-comics/

The Register's Tobias Mann reports:

> Oracle could choose to take control of Ampere Computing, the Arm processor designer it has backed and uses in its cloud. A [1]proxy statement [PDF] filed on Wednesday reveals that Oracle held 29 percent stake in Ampere as of May 31, 2024, and has the [2]option to gain majority control over the chip house in 2027 . "The total carrying value of our investments in Ampere, after accounting for losses under the equity method of accounting, was $1.5 billion as of May 31, 2024," the filing reads. Oracle also revealed it extended $600 million in loans in the form of convertible debt to Ampere during its 2024 fiscal year, on top of $400 million in debt given during the prior fiscal year. Ampere's debts are set to mature beginning June 2026, when Oracle will have the option of converting those investments into additional equity in the chip startup. "If either of such options is exercised by us or our co-investors, we would obtain control of Ampere and consolidate its results with our results of operations," the filing explains.

>

> According to the document, Oracle spent roughly $48 million on Ampere processors during its 2023 fiscal year -- some of it direct with Ampere and some through a third party. By comparison, Big Red spent just $3 million on Ampere's chips and had $101.1 million worth of products available under a pre-payment order by the end of fiscal year 2024. This is despite the fact that Oracle is aggressively expanding its datacenter footprint to address growing demand for AI infrastructure. These efforts have included the deployment of massive clusters of GPUs from Nvidia and AMD with the largest campus developments nearing a gigawatt in scale. The filing also revealed that Ampere founder and CEO Renee James will not seek re-election to Oracle's board of directors.



[1] https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001341439/549e1099-1299-4a6c-bb74-88ecdb7befdc.pdf

[2] https://www.theregister.com/2024/09/26/oracle_ampere_stake_cpu/

At its Connect event earlier this week, Meta said it'll be [1]adding conversational voices to its AI chatbot from celebrities like Awkwafina, John Cena, Dame Judi Dench, Keegan-Michael Key and Kristen Bell. The Verge reports:

> These celebrity voices will only be available to US users of Meta's apps to start. And if you prefer a voice that is a little more mundane, you can also pick from non-celeb voices with names like "Aspen," "Atlas," or "Clover." [...] Meta is explicitly announcing celebrity partnerships, which likely involve payment or some other deal. Meta hasn't shared those details, but the company has paid each celebrity "millions of dollars" for their voices, according to [2]The Wall Street Journal . And in negotiations, some of the people reportedly wanted to limit what their voices could say and to make sure they weren't liable if Meta AI was used. [...]

>

> Meta's AI updates aren't just about voice conversations. Its chatbot will also now "answer questions about your photos" when you upload images. Send a picture of a cake, ask how to make it, and it'll grab you a recipe that hopefully does just that. And if you want something "added, changed, or removed" from an image, Meta says you can describe anything from "changing your outfit to replacing the background with a rainbow," and it'll carry out that request.



[1] https://www.theverge.com/2024/9/25/24253420/meta-ai-celebrity-voices-awkwafina-john-cena-judi-dench-connect

[2] https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/meta-turns-to-awkwafina-john-cena-to-draw-users-to-ai-7ffc302a

An anonymous reader quotes a report from 404 Media:

> Jack Ryan from San Diego was recently being interviewed for a job. On a video call, the interviewer, a woman with red hair, said, "I find it helps when candidates tell me a story in answering the questions." "I'm looking for examples from your work experience," the woman added. During the conversation, Ryan had a smirk on his face. That's because the woman is not real. She is an AI avatar from a company called [1]Fairgo.ai , which [2]uses AI agents to interview job candidates on behalf of other companies .

>

> On its website, Fairgo says its AI agent "talks to candidates any time, any where." The company claims that it can "Ensure every candidate is evaluated on a level playing field with consistent and unbiased interview practices." Julian Bright, founder and CEO of Fairgo, told 404 Media in an email that after an introductory video voiced by the AI avatar, candidate interviews are done by an audio-only AI. "At no point is any of the video or audio captured used to evaluate the candidate," he wrote. Instead, that is done with a transcript afterwards. Bright said that Fairgo does not make decisions on who to shortlist for a role; that instead falls to the hirers. Fairgo also says on its site that the interview process is low stress, and that "candidates consistently love the interview experience."

"This HR AI avatar is a perfect demonstration of late stage capitalism," Ryan told 404 Media in an online chat. "While Fairgo's intent is to provide a fair and equitable interview process, I can't imagine AI, LLMs, and other tools are able to interpret the human emotion and facial reactions to provide an actual, well rounded interview."

"As someone who has interviewed upwards of 50 candidates for prior roles, human connection and interaction is the single most important indicator of how a team will mesh and jive together. If an AI is running the early stage process, it eliminates potential candidates because of its algorithmic design," he added. "It shows how executives and corporations are further trying to cut costs on the human side of business. As someone who has seen these layoffs at numerous top tech companies that then go on to rehire 6-12-18 months later for the same roles because they realized their strategy failed and they actually need good people to do the work, it's laughable at best and terrifying at worst."



[1] http://fairgo.ai/?ref=404media.co

[2] https://www.404media.co/ai-avatars-are-doing-job-interviews-now/

Meta has been fined $101.5 million by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) for [1]storing over half a billion user passwords in plain text for years , with some engineers having access to this data for over a decade. The issue, discovered [2]in 2019 , predominantly affected non-US users, especially those using Facebook Lite. AppleInsider reports:

> Meta Ireland was found guilty of infringing four parts of GDPR, including how it "failed to notify the DPC of a personal data breach concerning storage of user passwords in plain text." Meta Ireland did report the failure, but only some months after it was discovered. "It is widely accepted that user passwords should not be stored in plaintext, considering the risks of abuse that arise from persons accessing such data," said Graham Doyle, Deputy Commissioner at the DPC, [3]in a statement about the fine. "It must be borne in mind, that the passwords the subject of consideration in this case, are particularly sensitive, as they would enable access to users' social media accounts."

>

> Other than the fine and an official reprimand, the full extent of the DPC's ruling is yet to be released publicly. The details published so far do not reveal whether the passwords included any of US users as well as ones in Ireland or across the rest of the European Union. It's most likely that the issue concerns only non-US users, however. That's because in 2019, Facebook told CNN that the majority of the plain text passwords were for a service called Facebook Lite, which it described as being a cut-down service for areas of the world with slower connectivity.



[1] https://appleinsider.com/articles/24/09/27/meta-stored-600-million-facebook-and-instagram-passwords-in-plain-text

[2] https://yro.slashdot.org/story/19/03/21/1525243/for-years-hundreds-of-millions-of-facebook-users-had-their-account-passwords-stored-in-plain-text-and-searchable-by-thousands-of-facebook-employees

[3] https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/DPC-announces-91-million-fine-of-Meta

iFixit's iPhone 16 [1]teardown revealed a [2]new battery removal process that does away with the usual pull tabs , instead opting for an adhesive that debonds when exposed to a low electrical current. "It only takes about a minute and a half for it to come unstuck," reports Engadget, citing Apple's [3]repair guide . iFixit tech Shahram Mokhtari said, "I'm not sure we've ever had a battery removal process go so cleanly and smoothly." From the report:

> Only the iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Plus have the new adhesive, and they've earned a 7/10 on iFixit's repairability scale. "Apple definitely seems to be leveling up on repairability," Mokhtari, adding Apple has "landed another repairability win" with this year's base iPhones thanks to the new battery removal procedure.

Further reading: [4]iPhone's 80% Charge Cap Barely Boosts Battery Life, Year-Long Test Reveals



[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6jBXI6CR9s

[2] https://www.engadget.com/mobile/smartphones/see-the-iphone-16s-game-changing-battery-removal-process-in-new-ifixit-teardown-213911136.html

[3] https://support.apple.com/en-us/120642

[4] https://mobile.slashdot.org/story/24/09/26/1724238/iphones-80-charge-cap-barely-boosts-battery-life-year-long-test-reveals

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica, written by John Timmer:

> [P]art of the software stack that companies are developing to control their quantum hardware includes software that converts abstract representations of quantum algorithms into the series of commands needed to execute them. IBM's version of this software is called [1]Qiskit (although it was made open source and has since been adopted by other companies). Recently, IBM made a couple of announcements regarding Qiskit, both benchmarking it in comparison to other software stacks and [2]opening it up to third-party modules . [...] Right now, the company is supporting six third-party Qiskit functions that break down into two categories.

>

> The first can be used as stand-alone applications and are focused on providing solutions to problems for users who have no expertise programming quantum computers. One calculates the ground-state energy of molecules, and the second performs optimizations. But the remainder are focused on letting users get more out of existing quantum hardware, which tends to be error prone. But some errors occur more often than others. These errors can be due to specific quirks of individual hardware qubits or simply because some specific operations are more error prone than others. These can be handled in two different ways. One is to design the circuit being executed to avoid the situations that are most likely to produce an error. The second is to examine the final state of the algorithm to assess whether errors likely occurred and adjust to compensate for any. And third parties are providing software that can handle both of these.

>

> One of those third parties is Q-CTRL, and we talked to its CEO, Michael Biercuk. "We build software that is really focused on everything from the lowest level of hardware manipulation, something that we call quantum firmware, up through compilation and strategies that help users map their problem onto what has to be executed on hardware," he told Ars. (Q-CTRL is also providing the optimization tool that's part of this Qiskit update.) "We're focused on suppressing errors everywhere that they can occur inside the processor," he continued. "That means the individual gate or logic operations, but it also means the execution of the circuit. There are some errors that only occur in the whole execution of a circuit as opposed to manipulating an individual quantum device." Biercuk said Q-CTRL's techniques are hardware agnostic and have been demonstrated on machines that use very different types of qubits, like trapped ions. While the sources of error on the different hardware may be distinct, the manifestations of those problems are often quite similar, making it easier for Q-CTRL's approach to work around the problems.

>

> Those work-arounds include things like altering the properties of the microwave pulses that perform operations on IBM's hardware, and replacing the portion of Qiskit that converts an algorithm to a series of gate operations. The software will also perform operations that suppress errors that can occur when qubits are left idle during the circuit execution. As a result of all these differences, he claimed that using Q-CTRL's software allows the execution of more complex algorithms than are possible via Qiskit's default compilation and execution. "We've shown, for instance, optimization with all 156 qubits on [an IBM] system, and importantly -- I want to emphasize this word -- successful optimization," Biercuk told Ars. "What it means is you run it and you get the right answer, as opposed to I ran it and I kind of got close."



[1] https://www.ibm.com/quantum/qiskit

[2] https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/09/ibm-opens-its-quantum-computing-stack-to-third-parties/

Meta Platforms' claims that Facebook [1]doesn't polarize Americans [2]came under new doubt as the journal Science raised questions about a prominent research paper the tech giant has cited to support its position. WSJ:

> In [3]an editorial Thursday , Science said that Meta's emergency efforts to calm its platforms in the wake of the 2020 election may have swayed the conclusions of the paper, which the journal published in July 2023. The editorial, titled "Context matters in social media," was prompted by a letter that Science also published presenting new criticism of the paper. Because the study of Facebook's algorithms relied on data provided by Meta when it was undertaking extraordinary efforts to restrain incendiary political content, the letter's authors argue that the paper may have overstated the case that social media algorithms didn't contribute to political polarization.

>

> Such criticisms of peer-reviewed research often appear below papers in academic journals, but Science's editors felt their editorial was needed to more prominently caveat this original paper's conclusions, said Holden Thorp, Science's editor in chief. "It was incumbent on us to come up with a way somehow that people who would come to the paper would know of these concerns,â Thorp said in an interview. While no correction was warranted, he said, "There's an election coming up, and we care about people citing this paper." Meta said it had been transparent with researchers about its actions during the time of the study, and the company and its research partners say it had no control over the Science paper's conclusions. Meta called debates of the sort aired on Thursday as part of the research process.



[1] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9364#elettersSection

[2] https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/science-editors-raise-new-doubts-on-meta-s-claims-it-isn-t-polarizing/ar-AA1rh0Bi

[3] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt2983