There's already 5,000 sensors embedded in Antarctica's ice to look for evidence of neutrinos, [1]reports the Washington Post . But in November scientists drilled six new holes at least a mile and a half deep and installed cables with hundreds more light detectors — an upgrade to the massive 15-year-old [2]IceCube Neutrino Observatory to detect the charged particles produced by lower-energy neutrinos interacting with matter:

> When they do, the neutrinos produce charged particles that travel through the ice at nearly the speed of light, creating a blue glow called Cherenkov radiation... "Within the first couple years, we should be making much better measurements," [said Erin O'Sullivan, an associate professor of physics at Uppsala University in Sweden and a spokesperson for the project.] "There's hope to expand the detector, by an order of magnitude in volume, so the important thing there is we're not just seeing a few neutrino point sources, but we're starting to be a true telescope. ... That's really the dream."

The scientists spent seven years planning the upgrade, according to the article. "To drill holes a mile and a half deep takes about 30 hours, and 18 more hours to return to the surface," the article points out. "Then, the race begins because almost immediately, the hole starts to shrink as the water refreezes." ("If it takes too much time, the principal investigator says, "the instruments don't fit in anymore!")



[1] https://www.msn.com/en-us/science/astronomy/deep-in-antarctic-ice-these-particles-can-answer-basic-questions-about-the-universe/ar-AA1WTcEK

[2] https://icecube.wisc.edu/science/icecube/