Fancy climbing the peaks of Alpine Linux? 3.20 is out
(2024/05/29)
- Reference: 1716978732
- News link: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2024/05/29/alpine_linux_320_released/
- Source link:
Alpine Linux 3.20.0 is out, with initial support for a whole new CPU architecture: RISC-V.
It also [1]includes KDE Plasma 6 and GNOME 46, and due to [2]Redis changing its license , Alpine has the [3]new Valkey key-value database in its place.
[4]
Alpine's former default Xfce desktop, showing enviably svelte vital statistics: it uses 1.1GB of disk, as little as most distros use RAM - click to enlarge
The Register has looked at several releases of Alpine in recent years: in 2021, when it [5]dropped MIPS64 support ; then, more recently, we reviewed [6]version 3.16 in 2022 , and [7]version 3.18 last year. That release resolved a longstanding issue by adding support for DNS over TCP.
With the latest release, the distro supports eight different architectures: IBM Z mainframes and POWER servers (the latter in 64-bit little-endian form), 64-bit bit RISC-V, both 32-bit and 64-bit x86, and three forms of [8]Arm hardware : Armhf, ARMv7, and Aarch64 (which between cover every Raspberry Pi from the Pi Zero and 1 up to the Pi 5, along with multiple other Arm single board computers.)
Alpine is a lightweight, minimalist distro, but an unusually flexible one. It supports three different [9]installation types . In Diskless Mode , it loads into and runs entirely from RAM. If you want to add additional software or have changes persist across reboots, you must back them up to the boot media with the [10]Alpine local backup command, lbu . In Data Disk Mode , it still runs from RAM, but it mounts a swap partition and the /var directory tree from partitions on a fixed disk. That makes it easier to have system state persist across reboots, and use configurations that don't fit entirely into memory. Finally, System Disk Mode is a traditional installation to disk: by default, it expects to take over the entire drive, but with a [11]few extra steps you can do custom partitions or [12]dual boot Alpine with other OSes.
[13]
There are quite a few minimalist distros out there, such as [14]Tiny Core Linux which we looked at a few months ago. Alpine is rather more flexible: it can happily run on a router or some other embedded device, across multiple platforms, booting off a memory stick or card. Indeed, it has a meta-distro of its own in the form of [15]postmarketOS for end-of-life smartphones , which [16]recently adopted systemd to make it easier to support modern fondleslab GUIs.
[17]
[18]
To keep Alpine's size and resource usage down, it replaces a bunch of conventional tools from more mainstream heavyweight distros. It uses the [19]OpenRC init system , the [20]Musl C library instead of GNU libc, the [21]SYSLINUX bootloader more commonly seen on live media, and [22]BusyBox replaces the shell and multiple standard core tools and utilities.
[23]Manjaro 24 is Arch Linux for the rest of us
[24]Where do Terraform and OpenTofu go from here?
[25]Teradata takes plunge into lakehouse waters, but not everyone is convinced
[26]GNU Compiler Collection 15 ushers Xeon Phi and Solaris 11.3 to silicon heaven
Even so, Alpine is perfectly capable of working as a full desktop distro, and recent releases include some [27]useful scripts to simplify installing a desktop: setup-desktop will install a complete desktop from you, from a short list: gnome , plasma , xfce , mate or sway . [28]Other environments are available, and if you plan to install your own, setup-xorg-base configures the basics of a GUI.
[29]
You don't need to use one of the desktops from the script's list: LXQt 1.4 isn't the latest version, but it uses even less RAM than Xfce - click to enlarge
Because so many typical default components have been replaced, in some ways Alpine doesn't feel entirely like a Linux distro any more. The Reg FOSS desk finds he has to look stuff up so often that it's more like using a new and unfamiliar BSD. This is no bad thing: in our book, challenging assumptions is a desirable attribute. A bug in Alpine 3.18's kernel 6.1 that prevented it from using all the RAM in our geriatric Vaio P is now resolved in the newer LTS kernel. In the interim, we've tried [30]antiX Linux and [31]Q4OS with Trinity on this sub-netbook, but both felt bloated and sluggish by comparison.
It's been a pleasure to return to the lean, mean Alpine Linux. In terms of how many manual steps you must take to get a full desktop up and running, it's akin to Arch Linux, and that's good: it's every bit as educational. However, the result is much slimmer and lighter: for example, there's no systemd. Also unlike Arch, there's an official, fully supported x86-32 edition, where its lightness really counts. Once fully installed, it has as few background processes running as OpenBSD – but with many more device drivers available, and more flexibility in general. It's worth a look. ®
Get our [32]Tech Resources
[1] https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.20.0-released.html
[2] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/22/redis_changes_license/
[3] https://www.theregister.com/2024/04/18/valkey_publishes_release_candidate/
[4] https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/05/28/alpine_3-20_xfce.jpg
[5] https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/25/alpine_3_15/
[6] https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/26/alpine_linux_316_released/
[7] https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/alpine_linux_318/
[8] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_on_ARM
[9] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Installation
[10] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_local_backup
[11] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_up_disks_manually
[12] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Dualbooting
[13] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0
[14] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/04/tiny_core_linux_15/
[15] https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/15/postmarketos_2206/
[16] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/11/postmarketos_goes_systemd/
[17] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0
[18] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0
[19] https://github.com/OpenRC/openrc
[20] https://musl.libc.org/
[21] https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php
[22] https://busybox.net/
[23] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/24/manjaro_24_easier_arch/
[24] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/24/opinion_column_terraform/
[25] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/23/teradata_embraces_lakehouse/
[26] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/23/gcc_15_nukes_larrabee/
[27] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-xorg-base
[28] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Desktop_environments_and_Window_managers
[29] https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/05/28/alpine_3-20_lxqt.jpg
[30] https://www.theregister.com/2023/09/01/antix_23/
[31] https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/02/trinity_desktop_q4os/
[32] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/
It also [1]includes KDE Plasma 6 and GNOME 46, and due to [2]Redis changing its license , Alpine has the [3]new Valkey key-value database in its place.
[4]
Alpine's former default Xfce desktop, showing enviably svelte vital statistics: it uses 1.1GB of disk, as little as most distros use RAM - click to enlarge
The Register has looked at several releases of Alpine in recent years: in 2021, when it [5]dropped MIPS64 support ; then, more recently, we reviewed [6]version 3.16 in 2022 , and [7]version 3.18 last year. That release resolved a longstanding issue by adding support for DNS over TCP.
With the latest release, the distro supports eight different architectures: IBM Z mainframes and POWER servers (the latter in 64-bit little-endian form), 64-bit bit RISC-V, both 32-bit and 64-bit x86, and three forms of [8]Arm hardware : Armhf, ARMv7, and Aarch64 (which between cover every Raspberry Pi from the Pi Zero and 1 up to the Pi 5, along with multiple other Arm single board computers.)
Alpine is a lightweight, minimalist distro, but an unusually flexible one. It supports three different [9]installation types . In Diskless Mode , it loads into and runs entirely from RAM. If you want to add additional software or have changes persist across reboots, you must back them up to the boot media with the [10]Alpine local backup command, lbu . In Data Disk Mode , it still runs from RAM, but it mounts a swap partition and the /var directory tree from partitions on a fixed disk. That makes it easier to have system state persist across reboots, and use configurations that don't fit entirely into memory. Finally, System Disk Mode is a traditional installation to disk: by default, it expects to take over the entire drive, but with a [11]few extra steps you can do custom partitions or [12]dual boot Alpine with other OSes.
[13]
There are quite a few minimalist distros out there, such as [14]Tiny Core Linux which we looked at a few months ago. Alpine is rather more flexible: it can happily run on a router or some other embedded device, across multiple platforms, booting off a memory stick or card. Indeed, it has a meta-distro of its own in the form of [15]postmarketOS for end-of-life smartphones , which [16]recently adopted systemd to make it easier to support modern fondleslab GUIs.
[17]
[18]
To keep Alpine's size and resource usage down, it replaces a bunch of conventional tools from more mainstream heavyweight distros. It uses the [19]OpenRC init system , the [20]Musl C library instead of GNU libc, the [21]SYSLINUX bootloader more commonly seen on live media, and [22]BusyBox replaces the shell and multiple standard core tools and utilities.
[23]Manjaro 24 is Arch Linux for the rest of us
[24]Where do Terraform and OpenTofu go from here?
[25]Teradata takes plunge into lakehouse waters, but not everyone is convinced
[26]GNU Compiler Collection 15 ushers Xeon Phi and Solaris 11.3 to silicon heaven
Even so, Alpine is perfectly capable of working as a full desktop distro, and recent releases include some [27]useful scripts to simplify installing a desktop: setup-desktop will install a complete desktop from you, from a short list: gnome , plasma , xfce , mate or sway . [28]Other environments are available, and if you plan to install your own, setup-xorg-base configures the basics of a GUI.
[29]
You don't need to use one of the desktops from the script's list: LXQt 1.4 isn't the latest version, but it uses even less RAM than Xfce - click to enlarge
Because so many typical default components have been replaced, in some ways Alpine doesn't feel entirely like a Linux distro any more. The Reg FOSS desk finds he has to look stuff up so often that it's more like using a new and unfamiliar BSD. This is no bad thing: in our book, challenging assumptions is a desirable attribute. A bug in Alpine 3.18's kernel 6.1 that prevented it from using all the RAM in our geriatric Vaio P is now resolved in the newer LTS kernel. In the interim, we've tried [30]antiX Linux and [31]Q4OS with Trinity on this sub-netbook, but both felt bloated and sluggish by comparison.
It's been a pleasure to return to the lean, mean Alpine Linux. In terms of how many manual steps you must take to get a full desktop up and running, it's akin to Arch Linux, and that's good: it's every bit as educational. However, the result is much slimmer and lighter: for example, there's no systemd. Also unlike Arch, there's an official, fully supported x86-32 edition, where its lightness really counts. Once fully installed, it has as few background processes running as OpenBSD – but with many more device drivers available, and more flexibility in general. It's worth a look. ®
Get our [32]Tech Resources
[1] https://alpinelinux.org/posts/Alpine-3.20.0-released.html
[2] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/22/redis_changes_license/
[3] https://www.theregister.com/2024/04/18/valkey_publishes_release_candidate/
[4] https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/05/28/alpine_3-20_xfce.jpg
[5] https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/25/alpine_3_15/
[6] https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/26/alpine_linux_316_released/
[7] https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/16/alpine_linux_318/
[8] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_on_ARM
[9] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Installation
[10] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_local_backup
[11] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Setting_up_disks_manually
[12] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Dualbooting
[13] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0
[14] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/04/tiny_core_linux_15/
[15] https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/15/postmarketos_2206/
[16] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/11/postmarketos_goes_systemd/
[17] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0
[18] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/oses&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33ZldRIeXUke1LxC6MDK5M4AAAANI&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0
[19] https://github.com/OpenRC/openrc
[20] https://musl.libc.org/
[21] https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php
[22] https://busybox.net/
[23] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/24/manjaro_24_easier_arch/
[24] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/24/opinion_column_terraform/
[25] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/23/teradata_embraces_lakehouse/
[26] https://www.theregister.com/2024/05/23/gcc_15_nukes_larrabee/
[27] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-xorg-base
[28] https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Desktop_environments_and_Window_managers
[29] https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/05/28/alpine_3-20_lxqt.jpg
[30] https://www.theregister.com/2023/09/01/antix_23/
[31] https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/02/trinity_desktop_q4os/
[32] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/
ian_victor
Great article Liam. Alpine is a frequent base image for AppTainer/Singularity/Docker Linux based images, at least in scientific computing. While doing more with less is better overall, for container images/workloads it helps a lot in transferring images to clusters, scheduling lower spec jobs etc.
Good for old netbooks
Uncle Slacky
I installed an earlier version (3.14 IIRC) on my old eeePC 701 4G, which worked pretty well until an update borked it. Perhaps I'll give it another try.
Wolfclaw
I'll be testing this one on my older laptop to be my XCP-ng Orchestra machine, will report back.
Plest
The Docker Swiss-army knife O/S.
I know, I know but it's the basis for so many useful images it's hard not to disassociate it from Docker.
People often think of Alpine only as a base for Docker containers but it runs perfectly on bare metal. The low footprint reduces the attack surface, being systemd and glibc free made it immune to the recent xz attack, for instance.