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German state ditches Windows, Microsoft Office for Linux and LibreOffice

(2024/04/04)


Schleswig-Holstein, Germany's most northern state, is starting its switch from Microsoft Office to LibreOffice, and is planning to move from Windows to Linux on the 30,000 PCs it uses for local government functions.

The [1]announcement (in German) was made yesterday by the state's Minister-President Daniel Gunther, who has served in that position since 2017. According to a translated version of the announcement, independence was a key motivation for switching to open source software.

"Independent, sustainable, secure: Schleswig-Holstein will be a digital pioneer region and the first state to introduce a digitally sovereign IT workplace in its state administration," said Gunther. "[T]he government has given the starting signal for the first step towards complete digital sovereignty for the country, with further steps to follow."

Munich mk2? Germany's Schleswig-Holstein plans to switch 25,000 PCs to LibreOffice [2]READ MORE

Concerns over data security are also front and center in the Minister-President's statement, especially data that may make its way to other countries. Back in 2021, when the transition plans were first being drawn up, the hardware requirements for Windows 11 were also mentioned as a reason to move away from Microsoft.

The transition has been in the works for some time, and it looks to be well ahead of schedule. The then-digital minister for the state, Jan Philipp Albrecht, said in 2021 that Schleswig-Holstein would just be switching to [3]LibreOffice on 25k PCs by the end of 2026 . There was no date in place at all for the replacement of Windows 10, and there were multiple Linux distros under consideration.

[4]

Switching to an open source office software suite and operating system aren't the only components of Schleswig-Holstein's open source strategy. The switch to LibreOffice and later to Linux, and the effort to operate them in tandem, are just three of six pillars Gunther lays out in his announcement. The state's email servers, directory, and telephony software will also be going open source, making for three additional pillars (or at least that's the plan).

[5]

[6]

Mike Saunders, who does community outreach at The Document Foundation, told us "the transition to LibreOffice is planned as 'very short term' and will be mandatory. It is one of six 'columns'of a larger and longer-term transition to free and open source software, including Linux, Nextcloud, Thunderbird, open source alternative to Active Directory etc."

Saunders told The Reg there were no specific timelines for the other "columns" yet, but the decision has been made in the state government to go ahead with the transitions.

[7]

He added: "LiMux started in 2004 and reached its peak in 2013, before coming to a halt as decisions about its future were made. Linux and LibreOffice have matured significantly since then, with the latter having way more commercial support options, huge Microsoft Office compatibility improvements, and a tabbed user interface to ease transition.

"LiMux faced some technical challenges at first, but by 2017 Karl-Heinz Schneider (the head of IT services) said: 'We are not aware of any large technical problems with LiMux and LibreOffice ... We don't see any urgent technical reasons to return to Windows and Microsoft Office'."

Haven't we heard this before though?

While Schleswig-Holstein has ostensibly made lots of progress and is talking a big game, we've seen a similar scenario play out before in two different German states. The most notable case was Munich, the capital of the state of Bavaria, [8]switching back to Windows from Linux , which it had introduced in 2004.

The transition wasn't expected to be cheap, with initial estimates expecting it to cost €49.3 million ($58.4 million), which today would be about €61.8 million ($67.1 million). But as with pretty much any project, [9]prices rose well beyond predictions just a few months later to about €100 million ($109 million), which is €125 million ($136 million) in today's money.

Following Munich's lead, the state of [10]Lower Saxony also decided to ditch Linux for Windows, though at least its transition cost was probably significantly cheaper, originally estimated at around €13 million.

[11]Venturing beyond the default OS on Raspberry Pi 5

[12]In surprise move, Gentoo Linux starts offering binaries

[13]Red Hat redeploys one of its main desktop developers

[14]Fedora Project mulls 'privacy preserving' usage telemetry

While this might not bode well for Schleswig-Holstein, its strategy seems substantially different. Both Munich and Lower Saxony never fully transitioned to Linux, which created the compatibility issues that encouraged both governments to go back to Windows. For example, Munich used Microsoft Exchange for its email servers, and Lower Saxony said field workers used Windows while only the office PCs were equipped with Linux.

Saunders noted that "the reasons for switching to Linux and LibreOffice are different today. Back when LiMux started, it was mostly seen as a way to save money. Now the focus is far more on data protection, privacy and security. Consider that the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) recently found that the European Commission's use of Microsoft 365 breaches data protection law for EU institutions and bodies."

[15]

Since Schleswig-Holstein is proposing a top-to-bottom transition to open source software, it might be able to avoid the pitfalls that doomed open source in other local governments in Germany. Though, even if the state manages to fully rid itself of Microsoft software, there's no guarantee it won't somehow make its way back. ®

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[1] https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/landesregierung/ministerien-behoerden/I/Presse/PI/2024/CdS/240403_cds_it-arbeitsplatz.html

[2] https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/22/open_source_germany/

[3] https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/22/open_source_germany/

[4] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2Zg7OmqJkTn8Y9nKBaNX7KwAAAFQ&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0

[5] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Zg7OmqJkTn8Y9nKBaNX7KwAAAFQ&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[6] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Zg7OmqJkTn8Y9nKBaNX7KwAAAFQ&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[7] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Zg7OmqJkTn8Y9nKBaNX7KwAAAFQ&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[8] https://www.theregister.com/2017/11/24/munich_will_spend_about_50_million_euros_on_windows_migration/

[9] https://www.theregister.com/2018/01/04/munich_linux_costs_ownership/

[10] https://www.theregister.com/2018/07/27/lower_saxony_to_dump_linux/

[11] https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/07/alt_pi_5_linux_distros/

[12] https://www.theregister.com/2024/01/03/gentoo_starts_offering_binaries/

[13] https://www.theregister.com/2023/08/16/red_hat_redeploys_desktop_dev/

[14] https://www.theregister.com/2023/07/10/fedora_privacy_telemetry/

[15] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Zg7OmqJkTn8Y9nKBaNX7KwAAAFQ&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[16] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/



Genius

Timto

You can't have Sovereignty without Sovereign IT

I should work in advertising

Re: Genius

Roger Greenwood

Prost!

Outlook/Exchange ?

Anonymous Coward

From long and very bitter experience these are the key issues that will prevent the plan.

If they have managed to move to Outlook365 (which is the logical move) then they may have a chance. But there is (still) no direct like for like desktop replacement.

Best of luck though.

Re: Outlook/Exchange ?

Anonymous Coward

"From long and very bitter experience these are the key issues that will prevent the plan."

Not really. Exchange of course is a pile of garbage, but most of today's non-Windows/non-Microsoft email/calendar applications can handle it, and have been able to do so for a while.

"If they have managed to move to Outlook365 (which is the logical move) "

What exactly makes you think that moving to Outlook 365 (which is what, Outlook in the browser?) the "logical move"? Especially when using MS365 has been found to be a breach of European data protection laws for EU institutions?

You also forget that the whole world doesn't use Exchange, MS365 or MS Office. For example, most of the U.S. tech sector relies on Google Workspace while hardly anyone cares for MS Office and Outlook.

And Google Workspace is just one of several alternatives, almost all of which are way more reliable than the infernal duo of Exchange and Outlook.

"then they may have a chance. But there is (still) no direct like for like desktop replacement."

That's only really the case where businesses have enslaved themselves to dodgy software solution which rely on MS Office/Outlook. Because as an email client, Outlook has been mostly unreliable shit for a long time, and that was before MS foisted it's latest crap shot called 'New Outlook' onto its users. And that's true even for most basic stuff like the shit search which often fails to find emails that are direct under its nose.

If you think Outlook is great, I shudder to think about what you'd consider 'poor' software.

It wont be technical issues which sink this

druck

But the problem of brown envelopes.

And as we know from [1]Bernie Ecclestone , even if caught, the penalty for his sort of behaviour in such jurisdictions, is to give more of the same to court.

[1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28656050

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Steve Button

Considering the billions which are at stake, it could be a lot more than brown envelopes.

If one large organisation can make the successful transition then the rest of the world could follow suit, but as far as I'm aware no one has yet done this with desktops completely. I'm amazed that the NHS hasn't, considering their size.

If I was one of the key players in this transition I think I'd make it very clear that I've not been having any suicidal thoughts.

I mean if someone about to testify in a Boeing court case could suddenly succumb, then why not some German?

I'll take my tin-foil hat off now.

But seriously, next year *could* be the year of Linux on the desktop!?

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Steve Davies 3

Watch out for Windows.... those that open out onto a long drop. We have seen how opposition can be dealt with quickly and efficiently.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

43300

"If one large organisation can make the successful transition then the rest of the world could follow suit, but as far as I'm aware no one has yet done this with desktops completely. I'm amazed that the NHS hasn't, considering their size."

Really not sure why this is a cause for amazement! NHS big IT projects are often a failure, and in this case they would have to train millions of staff (many of whom have much more important things to be doing) in new systems.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Steve Button

They already have to train millions of staff, in the software that's running on the desktop. The actual operating system GUI isn't really all that different. It would be a huge undertaking of course, but it would save them huge amounts of money on licensing. Although I expect they know this and therefore get a pretty hefty discount.

But yeah, NHS big IT projects are often a failure. I worked on one 20 years ago (not my fault it failed).

However, surely they would save themselves hundreds of millions every year. That could pay for quite a big team of smart people who could surely figure a way of making it work.

Although I could imaging the headlines in the Daily Mail... "IT workers paid more than doctors to implement " bla bla bla.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Fading

Last time I was in an NHS hospital they were still using out of support windows 7 on many of their machines.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Steve Button

... and then they wonder why they get ransomware attacks!?

Could probably run a slim modern linux on the very same hardware. Perhaps not.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Wellyboot

Any hardware happy running W7 should be fine with a 5.15 LTS based linux and that's good for a few years yet. 10 year hardware refresh cycles cause far less of an issue with Linux than MS.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

Wellyboot

If the NHS is already pulling staff from duty to train on MS software then the change in software is just that - a change. I'd expect that (like most) the employees just pick up MS as they go along, that and from using it in School/College which obtained cheap 'educational' licenses, aka getting the punters hooked early...

Now, if schools exposed pupils to different systems in an attempt to provide generic 'IT' and not just 'MS' then the training issue would largely go away over time, they're already using Android/IOS for most personal computing these days.

Re: It wont be technical issues which sink this

John Brown (no body)

"Now, if schools exposed pupils to different systems in an attempt to provide generic 'IT' and not just 'MS' then the training issue would largely go away over time, they're already using Android/IOS for most personal computing these days."

Those same Android and iOS devices people are using for personal computing is what many, many schools are already using day to day because both have a large fleet management ecosystem in place and education devs are targetting both with their wares. Many schools have deployed Chromebooks and iPads to their staff and pupils across the U. I've been peripherally involved in a couple of massive rollouts of both, each of which numbered in the 10's of 1000's of devices.

Great Intentions

fg_swe

Now let's see how long they resist the "economic incentives" to switch back.

Ian Johnston

I applaud their determination to embrace the paperless office. Because good luck getting Linux to print, Schleswig-Holsteiner/erinnen

Ivy366

"recently found that the European Commission's use of Microsoft 365 breaches data protection law for EU institutions and bodies."+

Yes, let's just switch over to App... no wait.. Goog... no wait...

"Hey, secretary, which European IT company actually delivers modern services?"

The answer is zero. EU regulators can cry all they want about "Microsoft not being GDPR compliant" but there's no real alternative alive today.

GyroBob

I imagine the userbase will be a challenge. Having worked with users, anything new that does not look and operate exactly like their previous gui will be classified as rubbish and blamed for anything that goes wrong. Most users will be very familiar with Outlook and the MS Office apps, and will not be keen to move away. Good luck to them with the project, and I hope they do succeed.

Paul Crawford

As if Windows and Office don't play "hide the function / button" with every version!

Maybe just give Linux and open-source apps to those wiith nimble brains and aptitude

elDog

Leave the old codgers in the dark world of Microsoft.

John Brown (no body)

That'll be the same users that complain and "can't do work" every time that MS changes and "upgrades" things, including entire look and feel, never mind swapping menu items around and relatively regular basis. Personally, I don't actually see a great deal of difference between switching from one GUI based OS to another and having a supposedly consistent GUI based OS changed from under me by updates and upgrades.

Baby steps

Nuno

The main change should be making the use of libre office mandatory.

Then, find multi platform open source solutions for all the apps used. The active directory replacement is user transparent, nobody will notice it

Then, the move to Linux is not an issue, most people will easily adapt within a week

One small step for [a hu-] man

3arn0wl

Upgrading to Open Source really isn't the huge leap it used to be : more like skipping over a few stepping stones.

"Computer operators" have got used to using other-than-Micro$oft offerings on their devices since 2007 and, if statistics are taken at face value, increasingly prefer to do so.

So all the buttons are perhaps in different places... so what?

The damn buttons and ribbons in MS products change all the time

elDog

They spend more time with focus groups of fashion designers than looking at how real people get real work done.

Doctor Syntax

Comingsoon:a large Microsoft office opening in Schleswig-Holstein.

<Palisade> how are we going to pronounce '00 or '01 or '02 and so on?
<Deek> Say goodbye to the nineties, say hello to the naughties. :)