News: 1707809652

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Chrome engine devs experiment with automatic browser micropayments

(2024/02/13)


The team behind Chromium – the open source engine of Google Chrome and other browsers – has begun working on a way to enable those surfing the web to pay for the stuff they read or watch without any interaction.

Earlier this month, Alexander Surkov, a software engineer at open source consultancy Igalia, [1]announced the Chromium team's intent to [2]prototype [3]Web Monetization , an incubating community specification that would let websites automatically receive payments from online visitors, as opposed to advertisers, via a web browser and a designated payment service.

"Web monetization is a web technology that enables website owners to receive micro payments from users as they interact with their content," Surkov wrote in an [4]explanatory document published last summer.

[5]

"It provides a way for content creators and website owners to be compensated for their work without relying solely on ads or subscriptions. Notably, Web Monetization (WM) offers two unique features – small payments and no user interaction – that address several important scenarios currently unmet on the web."

[6]

[7]

Small payments, or micropayments, have been developed and implemented in various forms and with varying degrees of success since the internet became a thing in the 1990s. And they were [8]contemplated before that as part of Ted Nelson's [9]Project Xanadu .

Two decades ago there was considerable skepticism they'd ever work. In 1999, cryptocurrency pioneer Nick Szabo [10]argued [PDF] that the mental cost of dealing with tiny transactions usually exceeds or dwarfs the computation cost.

[11]

A few years later, in a [12]2003 paper [PDF], "The Case Against Micropayments," Andrew Odlyzko, presently a professor in the department of School of Mathematics at the University of Minnesota, wrote, "Micropayments are the technology of the future, and always will be."

Given the recent history of cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance, blockchains, digital wallets, in-app purchasing, and mainstream payment options like PayPal, Stripe, Venmo, and Zelle, there's certainly no shortage of attempts to prove otherwise. None of these really handle tiny transactions of a few cents very efficiently, however.

[13]Loose-change payment network Microraiden launches on Ethereum

[14]Google's gatekeeper to collect toll for dying news orgs

[15]Wall Street Journal wants your micro-payments

[16]YouTube and Micropayments

Brave Software in 2017 launched its [17]Basic Attention Token (BAT), which in 2019 became part of its [18]Brave Rewards program as a way to reward web users for viewing ads, have a way to share revenue with publishers. Among 28,000 websites presently participate, according to [19]BuiltWith .

Search startup Mojeek started offering [20]support for Web Monetization in 2021, through Coil, a blogging platform created in 2018 by former Ripple CTO Stefan Thomas. And it didn't work, at least for Coil which [21]shut down about a year ago.

But in its farewell note, the startup handed the torch to the [22]Interledger Foundation , which aims to enable [23]Web Monetization via the Interledger Protocol and the [24]Open Payments API .

The way ahead?

"Open Payments API is an open HTTP-based standard created to facilitate micro transactions on the web," wrote Surkov.

"It is implemented by a wallet and enables the transfer of funds between two wallets. It leverages fine-grained access grants, based on [25]GNAP (Grant Negotiation and Authorization Protocol), which gives wallet owners precise control over the permissions granted to applications connected to their wallet."

[26]

The basic idea is web users will get a digital wallet, provided by [27]Gatehub and [28]Fynbos presently, and web publishers will add a link tag to their site's <head> formatted like so: <link rel="monetization" href="https://wallet.example/alice" /> .

Thereafter, site visitors who have linked their digital wallet to their browser will [29]pay out funds to the requesting publisher, subject to the browser's [30]permissions policy .

According to Surkov, Apple and Google have both shown support for Web Monetization, while Mozilla has shown more limited interest. Implementing the specification in Chromium – which would make it available to Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Brave, and other Chromium-based browsers – should ensure the technology has enough distribution for experimentation. Before that happens, [31]prototyping still needs to be completed and there's no set date for when that may be finished.

There are many [32]barriers to micropayments , such as security, scalability, reliability, and transaction costs - to say nothing of the mental burden of assessing the fairness of a price paid in pennies.

Micropayments are still the technology of the future, but the future may be nearer than it appears. Research firm Forrester has [33]predicted that in 2024, "Micropayments will break out of their niche and become an alternative to subscriptions."

Keep in mind that not long after Amazon went public in 1997, George Colony, founder and CEO of Forrester Research, [34]referred to the online bookstore as as "Amazon dot toast." ®

Get our [35]Tech Resources



[1] https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/blink-dev/c/4Rqw4SbjO88/m/j7x8sTyzAAAJ

[2] https://chromestatus.com/feature/4917148755689472

[3] https://webmonetization.org/specification/

[4] https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TXXnoRNhlkVjeMX434ajUVQW3AB3k-iuznJTJbNdlis/edit

[5] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/applications&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2ZctL2BFYancHB1hCMqoo8gAAAIY&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0

[6] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/applications&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44ZctL2BFYancHB1hCMqoo8gAAAIY&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[7] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/applications&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33ZctL2BFYancHB1hCMqoo8gAAAIY&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[8] https://web.archive.org/web/20170301141339/transcopyright.org/hcoinRemarks-D28.html

[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_Xanadu&oldid=1201300941

[10] https://nakamotoinstitute.org/static/docs/micropayments-and-mental-transaction-costs.pdf

[11] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/applications&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44ZctL2BFYancHB1hCMqoo8gAAAIY&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[12] https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~odlyzko/doc/case.against.micropayments.pdf

[13] https://www.theregister.com/2017/12/01/micropayment_transaction_scaling_solution_microraiden_comes_to_ethereum/

[14] https://www.theregister.com/2010/06/18/google_newspay/

[15] https://www.theregister.com/2009/05/11/wsj_micropayments_in_autumn/

[16] https://www.theregister.com/2006/11/08/youtube_micropay/

[17] https://basicattentiontoken.org/

[18] https://brave.com/brave-rewards/

[19] https://trends.builtwith.com/websitelist/Brave-Browser-Rewards

[20] https://blog.mojeek.com/2021/04/web-monetization-on-mojeek.html

[21] https://www.coil.com/

[22] https://interledger.org/

[23] https://webmonetization.org/

[24] https://openpayments.guide/

[25] https://oauth.net/gnap/

[26] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_software/applications&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33ZctL2BFYancHB1hCMqoo8gAAAIY&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[27] https://gatehub.net/

[28] https://fynbos.app/

[29] https://webmonetization.org/docs/intro/receiving-payments/

[30] https://webmonetization.org/docs/references/permissions-policy-monetization/

[31] https://chromestatus.com/feature/4917148755689472

[32] https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/2010-11/MicropaymentsAndTheNet/issues.html

[33] https://www.forrester.com/blogs/predictions-2024-payments/

[34] https://www.forbes.com/forbes/1998/0727/6202106a.html

[35] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/



Good luck

Dinanziame

You often see people complain about ads, and claim they'd gladly pay for an ad-free experience if they could. Time to put their money where their mouth is, right?

Not holding my breath.

Re: Good luck

Jusme

The thing is, you pay for an ad-free experience. then eventually they start showing ads to paying customers[1] too, just to keep the price down[2].

I'm conflicted, as people need to earn a living, and content/hosting isn't free, but overall I think this is another "nope", as the money will likely go to the wrong people.

[1] Well typically if you're seeing ads you're their product.

[2] aka increase their profits

Re: Good luck

Headley_Grange

"then eventually they start showing ads to paying customers[1] too, just to keep the price down"

You'd think that as your customer base grows you could drop the price - in most markets higher volumes mean lower per-customer costs. What happens here is that they grow their customer base to a size where losing a few won't matter, then they sting them with the choice of ads or increased subs for ad-free.

Re: Good luck

Anonymous Coward

Amazon Prime anyone?

Re: Good luck

DeathSquid

I don't want to pay for an ad free experience. I want to be paid for for my time watching ads. The best UX is being able to set your own rate. The advertiser pays and shows you the ad, or not.

What stops people from setting their price to £1m?

There is a price at which most people will elect to watch ads. Dynamic price discovery will find that point.

Lee D

"and no user interaction"

And in true Dragon's Den style... I'm out.

Neil Barnes

True... the ability to pay without any user interaction? May as well just open my pockets now...

Alumoi

Shirley you meant bend over.

The enshittification continues

b0llchit

Micropayments: A wonderful new world for click fraud, phishing and other mischief.

Re: The enshittification continues

jake

Exactly what I came here to say.

It's nothing more than another attractive nuisance for WWW publishers to maintain. Lovely.

Re: The enshittification continues

Rafael #872397

"Our records show that you've accessed our site seventeen trillion times this month. That's why there are $1497,45 missing from your account".

Flip Side

Headley_Grange

I assume they're also planning to expand the system so that websites automatically micro-pay me every time they use the data they've taken from me to serve the ads. I'll take a penny a bit - I'm not greedy.

Re: Flip Side

Lee D

I do find it hilarious that there's a certain cookie-control window that many websites have and it forces you to go through the list of things in order to deny them.

And on that particular dialog there is no "Reject All", you have to turn off all the individual categories one by one.

And, more often than not, SEVERAL HUNDRED companies are listed individually as "Legitimate Interest" users of my data if I proceed (as well as another consent toggle, and the difference isn't explained).

Whenever I see those style of cookie dialogs now, I just close the site immediately. I don't know what they think they're achieving or being compliant with (because they're not) but does nobody working there think "maybe we don't need to have several hundred companies with a legitimate interest in our user's data" or even "is this a legitimate interest to have that many companies using our user's data?" at any point?

Re: Flip Side

Fursty Ferret

Every so often I turn off my ad-blocker in response to one of the guilting "Do you want us to starve?" pop-ups, but swiftly turn it back on when I realise what I'm getting. Smaller sites are suffering because of the decisions taken by big content providers (lookin' at you, Future) to bury the actual interesting stuff in a mixture of ads and sponsored advertorials.

To be honest, having the option to make micropayments in order to browse ad-free is quite appealing, but only to the extent that I'd like to add exceptions to ensure the particularly shitty websites (see previous on Future, or Reach) stay clear of my wallet. And they would be the first to take advantage anyway, probably hiding a million pixel-sized individual ads.

What's the first word you think of when someone says "Amazon"?

jake

"Keep in mind that not long after Amazon went public in 1997, George Colony, founder and CEO of Forrester Research, referred to the online bookstore as as "Amazon dot toast." "

To be perfectly fair, he was right. THAT particular Amazon has gone the way of the Dodo.

When was the last time you thought "books!" when someone mentioned Amazon?

Re: What's the first word you think of when someone says "Amazon"?

Dinanziame

It's the other way — If somebody says books, I think Amazon.. and if they say Amazon, I think a dozen things, and one of them is books.

Re: What's the first word you think of when someone says "Amazon"?

Doctor Syntax

I'm old. I think "Dillons". Then I remember that last time I looked it had become a Waterstones.

Re: What's the first word you think of when someone says "Amazon"?

jake

I'm also old, but as a Yank the word Books has always meant Barnes & Noble .

I misread that as Wetherspoons and had to do a double-take ...

Re: What's the first word you think of when someone says "Amazon"?

Giles C

I usually think Waterstones and buy books in person in preference to going online as nothing beats a good bookshop for browsing. Unfortunately in Peterborough where I live we only have a single branch of Waterstones, whereas years ago we had them, Dillon’s, Hammicks, Sherratt and Hughes (not sure about the name) and a few more.

Mostly gone due to the push of Amazon…

I see a serious issue with the idea

Ball boy

Firstly, roll-out: it'd be a brave site that implements this wallet scheme when its competitors still rely on ad revenue: until they get to critical mass, income from their website will drop like a brick.

Secondly - and more worryingly - what happens when (not if) a site gets hacked and the bad actors insert their own micro-payment code that scrapes a visitors wallet - or a coding error means I get double-charged by the host? For any repayment claim, the user would have to provide full details of when they visited the site in question. Chances are, for the fractional sums involved, no individual would bother going through the process. Net result: it becomes very profitable to slip rogue code into legit. sites.

Re: I see a serious issue with the idea

Lee D

I would imagine it would be the work of moments to demand that a site that wants to comply puts in a DNS entry which specifies the target wallet details. Thus unless someone can completely compromise that site's DNS details, the payments could only go to that site.

I haven't read the protocol, but I bet there's nothing like that in there, or it's in there as HTML that you can modify, etc.

It wouldn't be a bad idea to have, say, the equivalent of a Bitcoin address that you can publish in DNS and thus if someone visiting wants to pay you money, they can click a button and it would pay to the wallet specified in that site's DNS.

But all it would mean is a thousand domain-squatters, Unicode domains, etc. trying to trick you into thinking that they are that same company - the same as any payment page.

Re: I see a serious issue with the idea

Lee D

Oh look, I was right:

rel="monetization"

href="https://example.com/pay"

onmonetization="sayThanks(this)"

/>

What a dumb protocol.

Re: I see a serious issue with the idea

DanielsLateToTheParty

So from that example the way to get around a paywall is as simple as calling "sayThanks" method? It can't be that dumb. (checks specification) No there is more to it, the receiving function needs an object with an "amountSent" property, then it's all legit!

Re: I see a serious issue with the idea

Anonymous Coward

Superman III did this first.

Wow!

Awk_ward

Attaching any form of payment cards or extra PID with google is just not going to happen.

Giving google and companys a hand straight into my wallet to take whenever they want is just a no no.

What's to stop nefarious actors? 'Accidental' double charge?

Google won't care too much because they'll get their share no matter if its legitimate or not.

I don't trust google to take care of it when they can't even maintain a safe app store or an email account.

sadly typical

Phil O'Sophical

There are many barriers to micropayments, such as security, scalability, reliability, and transaction costs

"I've had this great idea. Let's build it first, we can add the security later "

Tubz

Just say no, it will be abused and open to criminals. Will Chrome hold themselves responsible if their code gets hijacked and starts handing out millions of micro payments. The hackers of the world must be having micro-orgasms at the thought of this revenue stream. This is another reason why my browser has no credit card details permanently stored.

For the entire internet, nah. But to replace subscription models, yeh.

bronskimac

I can imagine many abuse scenarios for an internet wide scheme. However, as a replacement/alternative to subscriptions, it is something I've long believed would be desirable. There are some paywalled news sites where I have wanted to read the odd article but am unwilling/unable to justify a subscription, micropayments per article would be great.

Mockup1974

1. I will block all ads

2. I will not give you micropayments

3. I will not pay for a premium subscription either

I might donate you some crypto if I really like your website.

For-profit websites were a mistake, leading to clickbait and SEO spam. Bring me back to the 90s when people made websites because they had something to say.

In /users3 did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure dome decree,
Where /bin, the sacred river ran
Through Test Suites measureless to Man
Down to a sunless C.