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  ARM Give a man a fire and he's warm for a day, but set fire to him and he's warm for the rest of his life (Terry Pratchett, Jingo)

Accidental WhatsApp account takeovers? It's a thing

(2023/02/21)


A stranger may be receiving your private WhatsApp messages, and also be able to send messages to all of your contacts – if you have changed your phone number and didn't delete the WhatsApp account linked to it.

Your humble vulture heard this bizarre tale of inadvertent WhatsApp account hijacking from a reader, Eric, who told us this happened to his son, Ugo.

"This is a massive privacy violation," Eric said. "My son had long-lasting access to that person's private messages as well as group messages, both personal and work related."

[1]

The security hole stems from wireless carriers' practice of recycling former customers' phone numbers and giving them to new customers.

[2]

[3]

WhatsApp acknowledges that [4]this can happen , but says it's extremely rare.

"We take many steps to prevent people receiving unwanted messages, including expiring accounts after a period of sustained inactivity," a WhatsApp spokesperson told The Register . "If for some reason you no longer want to use WhatsApp tied to a particular phone number, then the best thing to do is transfer it to a new phone number or delete the account within the app."

[5]

"In all cases, we strongly encourage people to use two-step verification for added security," the spokesperson continued. "In the extremely rare circumstances where mobile operators quickly re-sell phone lines faster than usual, these additional layers help keep accounts safe."

It's not a widespread problem, at least not yet, but a data privacy issue nonetheless, and a cautionary tale for users of any messaging service that uses mobile phone numbers as a primary form of user identification. Oh, and the WhatsApp spokesperson is spot on about two-factor verification, which everyone should use anyway.

Here's what happened.

[6]

Ugo was a long-time WhatsApp user in Switzerland with his account tied to his Swiss phone number. In October, he moved to Paris for work, got a new French phone number and a new SIM card. All the while he was using WhatsApp, which continued sending and receiving messages per usual, unaware of the phone number change.

Later that month, he changed his phone number with WhatsApp, and then things got ugly. Here's what happened, according to Eric:

His phone was immediately flooded with all the groups from a stranger, and he started receiving all the new messages that were meant for that person, whether individual or in the groups. His profile photo was also swapped for the other person's photo. Note that this person seemed to be Italian, most/all messages were in Italian… He tried to respond to these individuals and groups saying he wasn't the right person, but that was very confusing to others because to others, he appeared as the person they thought he was.

Eric disclosed the issue to WhatsApp and parent company Meta, and was told that it's a recycled phone number issue, not a WhatsApp-specific bug. "For example, if a number has a new owner and they use it to log into Facebook, it could trigger a Facebook password reset," the security team told him. "If that number is still associated with a user's Facebook account, the person who now has that number could then take over the account."

Meta admitted that "this is a concern," but told Eric that it didn't qualify as a bug for the bug bounty program. "Facebook doesn't have control over telecom providers who reissue phone numbers or with users having a phone number linked to their Facebook account that is no longer registered to them," the email said.

[7]WhatsApp's got your back(ups) with encryption for stored messages

[8]What's up with WhatsApp? Messaging platform suffers outage in the UK

[9]It's 2019 and a WhatsApp call can hack a phone: Zero-day exploit infects mobes with spyware

[10]Meta, which pays for web scraping, sues to stop web scraping

According to Eric, however, WhatsApp could take steps to mitigate the problem, like regular checking to ensure a user's phone number is correct.

"At the very least when they see that someone is requesting a phone number change (from A to B) and they see that there is an active account on phone number B that does not seem to have anything to do with the also active account attached to phone number A, challenge the account on phone number B to prove that they still own phone number B or update their number," he said.

For its part, WhatsApp provides a help page about how to [11]transfer phones , and recommends if someone wants to stop using WhatsApp [12]altogether , they should [13]delete their accounts . ®

Get our [14]Tech Resources



[1] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2Y-T4s0jVNeDeUj5R7C9JqgAAAIg&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0

[2] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Y-T4s0jVNeDeUj5R7C9JqgAAAIg&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[3] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Y-T4s0jVNeDeUj5R7C9JqgAAAIg&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[4] https://faq.whatsapp.com/3347469605523961

[5] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Y-T4s0jVNeDeUj5R7C9JqgAAAIg&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[6] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_security/front&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33Y-T4s0jVNeDeUj5R7C9JqgAAAIg&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[7] https://www.theregister.com/2021/10/14/whatsapps_backups_encryption/

[8] https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/25/whatsapp_down_in_uk/

[9] https://www.theregister.com/2019/05/14/whatsapp_zero_day/

[10] https://www.theregister.com/2023/02/02/meta_web_scraping/

[11] https://faq.whatsapp.com/1197347060992858/?helpref=hc_fnav

[12] https://faq.whatsapp.com/828406668498455

[13] https://faq.whatsapp.com/2138577903196467/?helpref=hc_fnav&cms_platform=android

[14] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/



He wasn't right

elsergiovolador

He tried to respond to these individuals and groups saying he wasn't the right person

The Italians probably replied:

Non preoccuparti tesoro, alla fine diventerai la persona giusta

This shouldn't happen

Charlie Clark

Looks like someone fucked up user management which should be exclusive: his account should have stopped working properly when he changed SIMs. This is what happens with Signal, and WhatsApp says it uses the same protocol.

Re: This shouldn't happen

devin3782

But that signal is only the protocol (and yes an app with the same name), what you do before or after that in regards to messages and user accounts is entirely up to the developer. There's nothing to stop the whatsapp developers getting the text content from the input box encrypting one via the signal protocol to your mate and sending one to facebook.

Re: This shouldn't happen

Charlie Clark

Oh, definitely. The thing is, if you're going to use the phone number either as the primary key or the basis for one, you must enforce it.

Phone numbers are pretty good candidates for primary keys as they're easy to use to set things up reasonably securely. Alternatives are possible but all of them have their own issues all essentially based around identification problems. That said, [1]Signal is working on a replacement for phone numbers as a way of providing even better anonymity and portability.

Personally, I don't use WhatsApp not for security reasons but for the metadata that the companies harvest to mine and sell. I know this makes me a very tiny hole in a very big jigsaw. This means I also don't have to worry about trusting them with privacy and encryption. I don't but at least I don't have to worry about it!

[1] https://signal.org/blog/change-number/

Re: This shouldn't happen

elsergiovolador

For what we know they could use IRCd as a backend and keep everything in plain text.

This is an issue with these "social" media companies

Steve Kerr

It's not a phone company problem, it's a social media company issue.

They're binding their service to a phone number and not an account, if it was bound to an account then this wouldn't happen.

huge copout from fakebook/whatsapp blaming someone else for their decision to bind accounts to a mobile number.

OK, there are other issues where companies send SMS messages for 2FA too so there are more complexities to it.

There's also a responsibility for the account owner to delete their phone numbers off of their social media.

So it's a mix of social media companies and the people with accounts with those services.

I would think there would be some kind of "migrating to a new number" thing in those apps, not that this wouldn't be used by identify thieves - it's a complex subject thinking more on it.

Giving up and going for a lunch break!

It’s not just phone numbers

WolfFan

One of my (many! Hey, we’re Irish!) cousins had a problem with Arsebook and Gmail. It seems that Gmail has trouble distinguishing between fname.lname, fname,lname, fname_lname, and probably more. They all seem to resolve as fnamelname. It’s a Google thing. So… someone who had a Gmail account similar to my cousin’s account set up Arsebook, about six years after cousin got his account. I repeat, cousin had the account for years before m’man linked a Arsebook account. And cousin started getting Arsebook notifications. Lots of Arsebook notifications. Sending messages to the owner of the Arsebook account didn’t help, cousin ended up going to Arsebook and changing the password. A few days later, the notifications started again; m’man had reset his password. Cousin went into Arsebook and ‘deleted’ the account (yeah, right, Arsebook is the Hotel California, you can check out but you can never leave) which stopped the notifications… for about a week. He did it again. This time the notifications stopped. We figure that m’man changed the account info so that it stopped pointing to cousin’s account.

One would have thought that the fact that cousin could change the password and then could ‘delete’ the account would have told m’man that perhaps all was not well, especially after messages ask him to stop, cease, and desist from spamming cousin with notifications and to, like, you know, change the account info, had been repeatedly sent. Arsebook users ain’t too bloody bright.

Puts the wagatha christie case into a new light

Anonymous Coward

does it not ?

Facebook seem to have lost control

moonhaus

"Facebook doesn't have control over telecom providers who reissue phone numbers"

That may be true, but if so then why have Facebook effectivly handed over the security of their entire platform to "telecom providers" outside their control?

This may be by design rather than a bug, but it's bloody stupid thing to do.

mrp96

Same thing used to (well still might do) happen with Google Workspaces. I once create an organisation workspace using a domain which turned out was once owned by someone else who had also set up a Google Workspace. This was back in the days when you could have 50 email address before you had to pay for it so I'm guessing no one bothered to clear the account up behind them.

this bizarre tale of inadvertent WhatsApp account hijacking

heyrick

Is it really that different to moving house, forgetting to change your address all over the place, then getting upset when a complete stranger (the new occupant) is still receiving (and presumably able to read) your post?

Or selling a mobile phone/computer without wiping everything on it first?

Yeah, it's annoying that companies seem to want to tie accounts to phone numbers, but if you change your number and don't update all this stuff, mea culpa etc...

Re: this bizarre tale of inadvertent WhatsApp account hijacking

moonhaus

How do you delete a whatsapp account when your phone number's been disconnected and you need the phone number to delete it?

Losing a phone number usually wont be by choice. Many people lose their phones and a good percentage will not have registered their prepay contact details so can't get the number back. Some people have to travel abroad at short notice so cant topup, others have a "life event" that prevents topping up or paying the bill. Some are being abused by partners or fleeing violence or natural disasters so are forced to change phones and numbers.

Claiming the account should have been deleted to avoid being compromised is like saying you should have sold your car to prevent it being stolen.

Mark White

I can understand how they say you need to delete your account and other things to keep it safe but I wonder how members of group chats are kept.

If they use a list of phone numbers to maintain the membership then it is unlikely deleting your account would take you out of the group.

This just goes to show that phone number is a terrible key... one person can have more than one phone number and one phone number can belong to more than one person (hopefully at different periods of time)

Korev

If a number is dead to WhatsApp then it eventually gets removed from the group. The issue here is when the number is given to someone else before this time elapses.

Eventually this will happen to all of us

lvm

and this is not 'extremely rare' at all - we all will die.

Re: Eventually this will happen to all of us

Paul Crawford

Hopefully not before Arsebook and the likes die!

Korev

Ugo was a long-time WhatsApp user in Switzerland with his account tied to his Swiss phone number.

...

Note that this person seemed to be Italian, most/all messages were in Italian…

They do speak Italian in Switzerland too.

It's a beautiful part of the world (Ticino).

Dan 55

The new French number that Ugo got after transferring his number using WhatsApp was previously owned by an Italian speaker judging by the profile and the groups he got added to.

Really WhatsApp should reset the profile and remove the number from any existing groups when transferring an account to a new number which was in use but hasn't been used for some time, not blame the teleco.

I'm off to change my phone now...

xyz

Hope I get the ex-number of a really hot, beauty who likes to share photos on Fapbook. . :-)

Mind you knowing my luck I'll probably get the ex-number of some kiddie fiddler... Or worse Boris Johnson.

Anonymous Coward

Well I never. End to end encryption is useless when the phone company can re-allocate your number or clone it.

Altogether now. "That's not a bug, it's a feature."

Hubbard's Law:
Don't take life too seriously; you won't get out of it alive.