Massive news, literally: Three super-boffins awarded Nobel Prize in physics for their black-hole breakthroughs
- Reference: 1602055571
- News link: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/10/07/nobel_prize_physics/
- Source link:
Professor Sir Roger Penrose, a British mathematician and popular science author, was given half the share of the [1]ten million Swedish kronor (£866,000 or $1.12m) prize “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity.”
The 89-year-old super-boffin is most well-known for working with Professor Stephen Hawking to prove that black holes exist and were the product of extreme gravitational effects described by Einstein’s theories. Although Einstein described how gravity is the curvature of spacetime, he failed to see how its effects created such bizarre voids when stars collapsed, and remained unconvinced about black holes.
Einstein died ten years before he could read Sir Roger's [2]seminal paper , “Gravitational Collapse and Space-Time Singularities,” published in 1965. Sir Roger used topology equations to prove that light can’t escape and time stands still at the center of black holes, within which a [3]singularity would form.
“It is a huge honour to receive this prize,” Sir Roger [4]said . “In 1964 the existence of black boles was not properly appreciated. Since then they have become of increased importance in our understanding of the universe and I believe this could increase in unexpected ways in the future.”
A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... a pair of black holes coalesced resulting in largest gravitational wave we've seen [5]READ MORE
His mathematical proofs paved the way for the second half of the prize split between physics professors Andrea Gehz, 55, at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Reinhard Genzel, 68, at the University of California, Berkeley. The pair were singled out “for [their] discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy.”
Genzel led a group of scientists who detected Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole in the center of our Milky Way. They tracked the motion of stars at the center of the galaxy to show they were all orbiting a giant invisible object, and developed a “remarkable technique in which he can measure very accurately and determine quite precisely the mass and behavior of stars circulating around the galactic center,” Charles Townes, a fellow Nobel laureate, who helped set up the observational program into the center of the Milky Way at UC Berkeley in 1967, previously [6]said . Townes died in 2015.
Last but not least, Gehz used the W.M. Keck Telescope to study the center of the galaxy in infrared. She calculated that Sagittarius A* is a whopping 4.1 million solar masses. Last year, she was also part of a team who spotted a [7]sudden surge of activity from the black hole chowing down on its largest meal of gas and dust.
“I’m thrilled and incredibly honored to receive a Nobel Prize in physics,” she [8]said .
“We have cutting-edge tools and a world-class research team, and that combination makes discovery tremendous fun. Our understanding of how the universe works is still so incomplete. The Nobel Prize is fabulous, but we still have a lot to learn." ®
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[1] https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/
[2] https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57
[3] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/
[4] https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-10-06-oxford-mathematician-roger-penrose-jointly-wins-nobel-prize-physics
[5] https://www.theregister.com/2020/09/02/intermediate_mass_black_hole_gw190521/
[6] https://physics.berkeley.edu/news-events/news/20201006/reinhard-genzel-awarded-nobel-prize-in-physics
[7] https://www.theregister.com/2019/09/13/black_hole_brightness/
[8] https://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/andrea-ghez-wins-2020-nobel-prize-in-physics
[9] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/
"how tax money disappears in South Africa.",
Or perhaps "the Black Hole of Calcutta", quoting the Wikipedia.
"Etymology
John Michell used the term "dark star",[56] and in the early 20th century, physicists used the term "gravitationally collapsed object". Science writer Marcia Bartusiak traces the term "black hole" to physicist Robert H. Dicke, who in the early 1960s reportedly compared the phenomenon to the Black Hole of Calcutta, notorious as a prison where people entered but never left alive.[57]
The term "black hole" was used in print by Life and Science News magazines in 1963,[57] and by science journalist Ann Ewing in her article "'Black Holes' in Space", dated 18 January 1964, which was a report on a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science held in Cleveland, Ohio.[58][59]
In December 1967, a student reportedly suggested the phrase "black hole" at a lecture by John Wheeler;[58] Wheeler adopted the term for its brevity and "advertising value", and it quickly caught on,[60] leading some to credit Wheeler with coining the phrase.".
Congratulations to all !
I am thrilled to see that Professor Gehz is getting recognition for her work. I have been following (from afar) her lectures and her study of our own supermassive black hole and as soon as I started reading the first paragraph of this article I started wondering if her name would show up.
It did, and I am very happy for her.
And for the two others of course, but a bit more for her.
I stand corrected. I always thought my wife is the strangest object in the universe.
The right thing
I'm so glad Penrose has won this. I know less about the other two recipients, although obviously the experimental work around GR in the last 30 years has been just heroic and prizes are richly deserved for it. But Penrose is the person who told everyone that black holes were not just some mathematical curiosity in the theory, but something that must happen: starting from any reasonable set of initial conditions, Penrose showed that GR says that you get singularities. That wasn't only a really clever bit of maths, it made a very testable prediction: if we didn't find black holes, GR would be false. And if course he has done an enormous amount of other very beautiful work. It's just great he's won.
Math as proof
"Sir Roger used topology equations to prove that light can’t escape and time stands still at the center of black holes, within which a singularity would form."
Take an electron, measure its position, then measure it again, it has moved. Has it moved only when you detected it? No, it's constantly interacting with everything around it, all of which constitute a detection. So it really is in motion. And since there is no difference between the matter in the detector and the matter being studied, the matter in the detector is also moving.
Which means, you're never actually detecting the motion of matter, you're detecting the net difference between the detector and the particle detected.
Which should be a duh to you, given Red shift and similar 'net' effects you've already observed. But also because you have these anti-particles that appear to be going backwards in time. Like a video of the spokes on a wheel turning, that sometimes makes the wheels appear to be going backwards, it does not mean they are actually going backwards, it means they are lagging the frame rate of the video.
So our electron is in motion, and yet it doesn't have a net motion over space. It is some sort of oscillatory motion returning to the same place.
And that means we have an oscillatory field, electrons have charge, they move, yet overall they have no net motion, so the field they create must be oscillating too.
And two electrons would push each other to settle towards resonance. So matter must be oscillating in resonance.
And electrons behave the same across the universe, so the underlying force must propagate infinitely fast to cross that distance, through all paths, and still arrive at the same time to be resonant.
Is the oscillating system complex or simple? Well the net stable particles detected are electron, proton, free neutron, helium nucleus and so on. VERY VERY FEW stable particles, and all integer multiples of mass. Yep, I said integer, but that should be obvious, since in resonance we only have resonance at the harmonics.
Such a simple system must be really really simple underneath, that interactions produce so few stable particles (i.e. particles close to resonance).
So what happens if the oscillation isn't quite in resonance, what happens if our electron doesn't *quite* return to the same place each n resonance oscillations?
Well then it has some form of motion of the oscillating field. So all motion, electron spin, 'straight' line traversal must be the same mechanism as the oscillations at sub atomic level.
But that the motion is no longer a property of mass, its not 'momentum', it's an oscillatory motion over an electric-like field that propagates infinitely fast. But you'd expect that because light moves without mass, it is electro magnetic in nature, and it must be moving over this resonant oscillating field too. So the fact these properties are not some magic energy given to mass that creates 'motion' should be obvious.
If the wavelength of the field was twice as much in one direction, as another, then light would be moving over that field, and so would our electron. Both would move twice as far. So if we tried to measure how far light moves with matter, we will always get the same result. Even if the field is distorted, the same distortion applies to light as to matter.
So the constant 'speed of light' is illusory. Indeed the magical existence of that constant should tip you off.
And we judge the passage of time by chemical processes in our brain. Chemical processes require motion. What would happen if the resonant frequency was doubled? Motion would move twice as fast. Those chemical processes would also perform twice as fast, and everything around up would speed up too, to us, time would look the same to us.
So time is PER OSCILLATION of resonance.
So , what happens if we create something that oscillates 2x the resonant frequency. Can we perceive the change in time? No, time is per oscillation.
Remember that we only have harmonics, everything in a harmonic model must explain everything in the universe, and everything in the universe must exist in the model. Things move very slowly, or very quickly, all particles move close to 0 wavelengths per oscillation or 1 wavelength per oscillation. So things are very close to local resonance in the local field.
Why is light simple? Because the smallest oscillation you can make that would return to the same place requires 2 oscillations per resonant oscillation of the underlying field. So light is 1 oscillation per resonant oscillation, and all matter is fractional harmonics. To return to the same place requires some pattern of oscillations be executed that takes more than 1 oscillation per oscillation of resonance.
So what happens at the 2F harmonic? If all matter is fractional harmonics (e.g. F/2, F/3 etc.) what happens at 2F? Well for one thing, you get an event horizon, a barrier which complex matter cannot span because it cannot oscillate part at 1F and part at 2F.
So lets suppose inside the black hole that our electron is doing 2x the electron oscillatory dance for each dance of an electron outside in the outside field. The wavelength is shortened, but can we perceive it? No again, we can measure the speed of light and get a constant inside with respect to the inside local field. Our matter is scaled, our motion is scaled, it all looks the same to us.
And what happens if the inner field is not at 2f with respect to the outer field? The INNER electron isn't oscillating twice for each patter in the OUTSIDE field. Motion happens, no different than if the electron didn't return to the same place each time! Spin, wobble, our inner electron might be doing its dance twice as fast, in the INNER field, but with respect to the OUTER field it has motion.
Outside to you its all twisted up in spirals, and inside its also twisted up in spirals. (It's bigger on the inside.)
What is a straight line?
A straight line is whatever path light takes across that field, because we have no way of judging straight. That twisted up field inside the black hole looks like us as regular space. Complete with 'straight' lines, a speed of light constant, regular time. The only hint you are in a black hole is that the black hole is bounded. It has a finite boundary over which you cannot view, and it was created at time N oscillations, so it has an apparent age. An age boundary.
Does that sound familiar? Yes it does, it sounds like our universe.
Is there a singularity in the center of a black hole which time stands still? No, the black hole moves over time, the singularity could not.
Like the "reverse time particles", the presence of a singularity in your equations should tip you off to the false basis of the logic underlying them. I can make an equation predicting the spokes of the wheel going backwards in time, I can cite the observation from my video as 'proof'. I can then build a whole mechanics system on said misunderstanding. Full of magic constants from nowhere and impossible logic. But it would be false.
Let the penny drop.
Anyone wanting to investigate a black hole up close should check how tax money disappears in South Africa.