Astroboffins peering back in time with Hubble find stars may have been flickering into life even earlier than thought
- Reference: 1591283767
- News link: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2020/06/04/hubble_early_stars_galaxies/
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The NASA and ESA space telescope is capable of peering back into the early history of the universe and, with the aid of advanced boffinry, make observations to within 500 million years of the "Big Bang."
A team led by ESA's Rachana Bhatawdekar set out to study the first generation of stars in the early universe using data from the Hubble as well as NASA's Spitzer spacecraft and the ground-based (and imaginatively named) Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory.
Studying the cluster MACS J0416, which was one of six galaxy clusters examined using the HST's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Survey between 2012 and 2017, the team failed to find any evidence of first-generation Population III stars.
Population III, Cell block Universe
Population III stars are those formed from the primordial material that emerged as a result of the "Big Bang" and are made only of hydrogen, helium and lithium. Other heavier elements were produced later, in the cores of these stars.
The stars of the Milky Way with a high heavy-element content, such as the Sun, are classified as Population I. Older stars with a lower heavy-element content are classed as Population II.
Not finding a trace of Population III objects in the 500 million to 1 billion year period after the "Big Bang" is surprising, and gives boffins yet another area for further research when the James Webb Telescope is finally launched.
Hubble was able to make such deep observations through use of a gravitational lens effect, where the mass of foreground galaxies bends and magnifies light to allow objects far fainter to be observed. The team led by Bhatawdekar developed a process to strip away the light of the foreground galaxies to reveal fainter galaxies at a distance corresponding to when the universe was less than a billion years old.
"These results have profound astrophysical consequences," said Bhatawdekar, "as they show that galaxies must have formed much earlier than we thought."
It also means that stars and galaxies were forming further back than is currently possible to observe with Hubble. ®
[1] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/hubble-makes-surprising-find-in-early-universe
Re: We're special
[1]@"You should already with your existing (stretched space) models be able to predict black holes inside black holes. Can you?"
Can you also find this observation:
[2]Matter pulls on matter strongly, Black holes pull on black holes strongly, *but* backholes pull on matter far weaker than expected. As if blackhole to matter gravity is somehow weaker than matter to matter gravity.
Now you can put the two together, take the matter inside a blackhole B1, place half of it inside a black hole B2 that itself is inside black hole B1. Now B1s pull is even weaker, and so its event horizon shrinks. As it shrinks its pull on the matter around it reduces, and some matter escapes.
So you now understand the mechanism by which blackholes shrink. Simply by modelling [1] and observing instances of [2].
Both of these should be possible today to find.
We're special
Our universe is special? All of time and space were made specially for us in a single creation event? Nah that's religion.
Find a shrinking black hole ejecting a spiral galaxy as it turns. The young stars will be near the middle the older stars near the outer edge. You'll find raw matter (quarks and light and monopoles) at the very edge of the event horizon. All of this would be impossible, and yet it will be there. Ask yourself "how can it be ejecting anything"?, "how is it shrinking"?, "how can all this stuff be at the event horizon when it is not sucking stuff in"? You'll be in disbelief.
As the stuff comes out of the black hole, there will be more field lines per resonant-oscillation in this (outer) universe and more apparent 'space' in our universe, the galaxies will be pushed apart. The expansion you attribute to 'big bang'.
Inside the black hole is a universe, like ours, we are also in a black hole. You should already with your existing (stretched space) models be able to predict black holes inside black holes. Can you?