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'A' is for ad money oddly gone missing: Probe finds middlemen siphon off half of online advertising spend

(2020/05/07)


A study of the UK online advertising market, conducted by global accounting firm PwC, has found that publishers get just half of what advertisers spend, with the other half siphoned off by ad-supply chain intermediaries.

Worse still, about 15 per cent of the total spent, or a third of the fees, cannot be accounted for.

The PwC study, conducted at the behest of the Incorporated Society of British Advertisers (ISBA), represents an attempt to understand approximately £2bn UK programmatic ad market and its supply chain. The ISBA has made the [1]executive summary [PDF] available but only offers the full report to members.

Programmatic advertising, dominated by Google and Facebook, is the automated buying and selling of digital ads – display, video, mobile, social – as opposed to deals negotiated directly between ad sales teams and publishers. About [2]82 per cent [PDF] of the online display advertising in the US was programmatic in 2018.

Last year, eMarketer [3]estimated that the total digital ad market worldwide amounted to $333bn in 2019. A substantial portion of that goes to ad fraud: [4]$42bn last year by Juniper Research's estimate, [5]$23bn , according to Cheq or a mere [6]$5.8bn , according to WhiteOps. In short, there's a lot of uncertainty in the ecosystem.

The known costs, not necessarily legitimate, nibbling away at the UK ad payment pie include:

Agency fees claimed 7 per cent.

Demand-side platform (DSP) fees – used by advertisers to buy ads – took 8 per cent.

Technology fees on the demand side took 10 per cent.

Supply-side platforms (SSP) fees – used by publishers to sell online ad space – cost 8 per cent.

Technology fees on the supply side took 1 per cent.

PwC's finding that publishers received just 51 per cent on the dollar, or British pound in this case, underscores long standing complaints about the inability of news publishers to sustain themselves through online ad revenue.

"Advertising remains the primary source of revenue for most news publishers, although even before the pandemic, news publishers earned a small fraction of the money spent advertising online, with the lion’s share going to Facebook and Google," [7]wrote Rebecca Frank, VP of publisher advocacy group News Media Alliance last month.

On the bright side, 51 per cent represent an improvement for some: In 2016, Hamish Nicklin, chief revenue officer of The Guardian, [8]said in some cases only 30 per cent of every pound spent for ads on The Guardian reached the publisher.

Shailin Dhar, CEO and co-founder of Method Media Intelligence (MMI), a marketing analytics business, told The Register in an email that the report will benefit the global ad industry.

"While this information isn't news to folks who have been auditing and scrutinizing digital ad spend and adtech mechanics for years, it will finally be received by advertisers from one of the world's leading advertiser associations," said Dhar. "Getting transparency on where the money goes in ad-tech is not a new issue but one that will continue to get better as more buyers ask hard questions."

Dhar said the unknown 15 per cent represents PwC trying to reconcile ad impressions across the supply chain, something his firm does for clients.

UK competition bods to stick probe into worrying lack of said competition in online advertising [9]READ MORE

"Since we know that impression counts vary from buyers to platforms to sellers, it makes perfect sense that dollars for paid 'won auctions' were not able to be reconciled for ads that never got delivered to the SSPs by the DSPs," he explained.

According to MMI, digital ad budgets commonly leak through: ads served to bot-driven browsers (15 per cent); ads served outside the advertiser-specified context (5 per cent); ads purchased but never served (15 per cent); and ad served that are not viewable (25 per cent).

The firm contends that only 40 per cent of digital ad spending goes toward ads that fit the requested targeting and have potential value to the advertiser.

Asked whether greater efficiency could improve the situation for publishers, Dhar said it's not just that programmatic ad tech is inefficient.

"It is intentionally presented as and made more complex than it needs to be," he said. "Thats what justifies paying additional fees, because it’s easier than diving into what the hell is actually going on. A 55 per cent broker fee is unheard of outside of the digital media Industry. Nobody buys other commodities at scale paying 55 per cent brokerage fees in any other marketplace. It’s not sustainable."

"What we’re seeing with the ISBA report is a real decision maker, publicly recognizing that this doesn’t make much sense," he added. "I would hope that with less intermediaries, publications are able to better compensate their journalists and put more resources towards exploratory and scientific research stories. Less volume of views necessary to balance the books."

Adtech providers, he said, never seem to be happy to their prosperity. "They’ve had a perpetual dissatisfaction with making $XYZ money for doing nothing but connect a pipe to a faucet," he said.

The PwC report concludes that the online ad industry urgently needs to work together on data-sharing and transparency and to investigate the black hole devouring a third of the supply chain fees. ®

Sponsored: [10]Choosing A Low-Code Vendor



[1] https://www.isba.org.uk/media/2424/executive-summary-programmatic-supply-chain-transparency-study.pdf

[2] https://www.appnexus.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/guide-2018stats_2.pdf

[3] https://www.emarketer.com/content/global-digital-ad-spending-2019

[4] https://www.juniperresearch.com/press/press-releases/advertising-fraud-losses-to-reach-42-bn-2019

[5] https://adage.com/article/digital/report-ad-fraud-hit-23-billion-isnt-going-down/2174721

[6] https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mediapost.com/uploads/AdFraud2019Report.pdf

[7] https://medium.com/@frankrebecca1/fixing-online-advertising-and-news-a-matter-of-life-and-death-1a9cdaa65399

[8] https://mediatel.co.uk/news/2016/10/04/where-did-the-money-go-guardian-buys-its-own-ad-inventory/

[9] https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/07/05/uks_competition_watchdog_set_to_investigate_lack_of_said_competition_in_online_ad_land/

[10] https://go.theregister.co.uk/tl/1936/-8579/choosing-a-low-code-vendor?td=wptl1936

No surprise, but what to do about it?

2+2=5

> PwC's finding that publishers received just 51 per cent on the dollar, or British pound in this case, underscores long standing complaints about the inability of news publishers to sustain themselves through online ad revenue.

No surprise, but what to do about it?

Well, there's nothing to stop on-line papers from booking their own adverts, just as they did for print. And then their sites might be rid of that "one neat trick" fake ad shit and the whole site might just become a more pleasant place and attract more readers?

Re: No surprise, but what to do about it?

Doctor Syntax

Agreed. And your handle seems strangely appropriate.

Re: No surprise, but what to do about it?

c1ue

Yes and no. More appropriate would be 3+3=3 - representing the part lost to fraud...

Re: No surprise, but what to do about it?

vtcodger

On top of which, it would be difficult to block ads served directly by the content provider. One might argue that it would be difficult for content providers to police the content of ads for malware and such. True enough. But since no one seems to police ad content anyway, would the situation actually be any worse?

Re: difficult for content providers to police the content of ads

Anonymous Coward

Not if they ensure that any ads were straightforward static images linked to point to a specified page on the site of the company/whatever placing the ad :-)

Re: No surprise, but what to do about it?

I ain't Spartacus

The problem with the publishers serving the ads, is that they don’t have the creepy user data collection that the advertisers want for ad targeting. Not that I see much evidence that this is effective from Google and Facebook. But the advertisers still appear to believe that it is.

So I’m sure what they’ll try to do is to drive down Google and Facebook's profits a bit. And maybe try to force them to deal with the click fraud that they facilitate and profit from. So that should mean a bit more cash for publishers eventually. But I don’t see major change happening until the next big buzzword comes along to replace big data in advertisers' dreams of perfect targeting.

jrd

Marketing execs ripped off by agents, intermediaries and fraudsters. Arguably as close to a victimless crime as you'll find.

I struggle to find any sympathy for companies that find a large share of their advertising spend is worthless, or to think of any way in which my life would be improved by their advertising being more cost-effective. I guess I'd see it differently if I worked in Marketing though.

Paul Herber

If you are not enthused by the opportunity to create a market for nasally-fitted fire then you are not the sort of person we want!

Here, have some leaves.

Victimless crime?

Chris G

No, the victims here are all of us who are being advertised to, tracked across the internet and paying for it on every purchase we make.

Marketing execs are not being ripped off they are just on a narrower margin than they could be but the bottom line is the product manufacturer is charged more, who then passes the cost on to the consumer. How much lower would the cost of living be if Google, Faecebook and all the marketers were transported to hell overnight?

Re: Victimless crime?

jrd

"but the bottom line is the product manufacturer is charged more, who then passes the cost on to the consumer."

You seem to be claiming that reduced return on spend in advertising leads to higher prices.

So, by inference, if the cost-effectiveness of advertising improved, manufacturers would spend less on advertising and reduce their prices?

I don't think so. I think they would increase their advertising budgets and raise their profit margins.

Re: Victimless crime?

Snake

In my own experience, I have yet to see an executive (not in the public relations or advertising departments) be thrilled with the prospect of spending money on ads. It's a cost of business, without any guarantee on returns, and they all hate it, seeing it only as a necessary evil (one they wish they could just avoid from the outset).

Re: Victimless crime?

Chris G

I am claiming that all advertising has to be paid for, if ad agencies, publishers or anyone else in the system are incurring costs or losses, they are passed back to the manufacturer who is trying to sell their goods, someone has to pay for that and that someone is the consumer.

All executives may dislike spending on advertising but they still do and it is them that drive the need for ad placement strategies and the resultant tracking and privacy issues.

Useful summary of the reason

Greybearded old scrote

https://idlewords.com/talks/website_obesity.htm#fatads

The whole page is worth a (long) read, but I've linked directly to the advertising section.

As 2+2=5 said perhaps now that the true cost of outsourcing your ad sales is spelled out, those middle men will be losing their market.

Or more likely, not.

Re: Useful summary of the reason

Version 1.0

Good read, it explains the way I've seen things for years - I was going to say that advertising is like cocaine but these days it's nowhere near as much fun. However the dealers and the middlemen make the money, the folks growing it get bugger all if they are lucky and the end-user is just a pocket being picked.

When advertising was first seen it was all about trying to publicize the benefits and advantages of your products. These days it's all about grabbing money, the quality and functionality of the products is irrelevant. If you think my comparison of cocaine to advertising is bad then look at the money that all the advertising companies like Google and Facebook make every day - it's all legal (and tax free) ... a mafia wet dream.

Re: Useful summary of the reason

Doctor Syntax

"Or more likely, not."

Of course not. Otherwise marketing execs would have to start buying their own lunches.

Well this is a step forward

batfink

There's a well-known adage in the marketing game: everyone agrees that half of the money spent in advertising is wasted, but nobody knows which half.

Well, now we know which half...

Re: Well this is a step forward

Neil Barnes

Both halves?

"the online ad industry urgently needs to work together"

Pascal Monett

No they don't. They can continue ripping each other off as long as they like.

Besides, all it takes is an honest intermediary to do the job right, and the whole thing will crumble.

The problem is, they're all thieves. They can choke on their fees.

Re: "the online ad industry urgently needs to work together"

vtcodger

My God man. We have economies worldwide being devastated by a global pandemic, and you suggest interjecting honest conduct into the economic mix? Have you thought through the consequences? Civilization would surely collapse.

Re: Have you thought through the consequences?

Paul Kinsler

I recall (to a degree) a ye olde times SF story involving a government agent travelling around the US to ensure that businesses spent money on advertising and shiny product add-ons, ostensibly to ensure that the many extra jobs created kept the economy on track. The twist was that they were in fact a Soviet agent, since the USSR knew they had no hope of keeping up if the USA *actually* started becoming more efficient.

Wanamaker was an optimist

a_yank_lurker

So if half of the total ad spend is wasted and half of the good ad spend is siphoned off then only a quarter of the add spend is actually doing any good.

It seems that many sites have failed to understand they might need to more aggressively seek ads themselves rather than relying on an ad agency to be generous. It used to be that most newspapers ran mostly local ads for the bulk of their advertising. I do not see this being done much these days.

Re: Wanamaker was an optimist

Chris G

I usefd to negotiate my own deals and provide the artwork and copy with my two local papers.

It's surprising how far you could push them from an initial offer.

Re: Wanamaker was an optimist

Doctor Syntax

Very much so as half his money probably wasn't just wasted, it was actively putting off prospective customers.

However, he was before his time. Nowadays there are ad-blockers. The people he was trying to sell to could have told him which half. He needn't have wasted his money and needn't have spent it counter-productively unless, of course, those rip-off intermediaries charged him extra for trying to get past the ad-blockers.

And remember, the advertising industry only sells one thing. It's not soap or cars or whatever the advertiser's product might be. It's advertising and the people hey sell it to are advertisers.

"middlemen siphon off half of online advertising spend"

Mike 137

and they get it whether the advertising converts to sales or not.

I have a strong suspicion that "personalised" ads that aren't relevant to the page content against which they appear are likely to have a very low conversion rate. Relevance to the page content is much likelier to convert (basic human psychology). But of course content-relevant ads are harder for the middle men to place, and are a lot less amenable to high speed auctioning.

Re: "middlemen siphon off half of online advertising spend"

a_yank_lurker

To me targeted ads are a scam. They are allegedly based on information about my interests as expressed by searches, purchases, etc. But the information used has one glaring weakness, no context as to reason for the search, purchase, etc. That makes 'targeted ads' nothing more than are a roll of the dice. A more sensible ad campaign would take into account the nature of the site and the likely readership and target that general demographic. While the conversion rate might not be great it will be about as effective as radio or TV advertising.

Another issue overlooked is a good bit of advertising is not so much about a specific product but more about 'brand' awareness. The store, product, etc. exists and if one has need for x you have some idea who might provide it.

Ads pissing people off

Duncan Macdonald

So many ads just annoy people to the point where they either (a) refuse to buy the product or (b) stop using the website or (c) use a good ad blocker that actual "good" advertising money (ie the ads are served to customers with an interest in the product) is probably under 1%.

Remember mute buttons are what TV ads were designed for!!

(In the UK, the National Grid needed to know the timings of the TV ads so that the generation was available when people left the TV to put the kettle on.)

That's a shame ...

Throatwarbler Mangrove

Not.

I'll see you... on the dark side of the moon...
-- Pink Floyd