News: 0180726482

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'Vibe Coding Kills Open Source' (arxiv.org)

(Tuesday February 03, 2026 @04:30PM (msmash) from the how-about-that dept.)


Four economists across Central European University, Bielefeld University and the Kiel Institute have built a general equilibrium model of the open-source software ecosystem and concluded that vibe coding -- the increasingly common practice of letting AI agents select, assemble and modify packages on a developer's behalf -- [1]erodes the very funding mechanism that keeps open-source projects alive .

The core problem is a decoupling of usage from engagement. Tailwind CSS's npm downloads have climbed steadily, but its creator says documentation traffic is down about 40% since early 2023 and revenue has dropped close to 80%. Stack Overflow activity fell roughly 25% within six months of ChatGPT's launch. Open-source maintainers monetize through documentation visits, bug reports, and community interaction. AI agents skip all of that.

The model finds that feedback loops once responsible for open source's explosive growth now run in reverse. Fewer maintainers can justify sharing code, variety shrinks, and average quality falls -- even as total usage rises. One proposed fix is a "Spotify for open source" model where AI platforms redistribute subscription revenue to maintainers based on package usage. Vibe-coded users need to contribute at least 84% of what direct users generate, or roughly 84% of all revenue must come from sources independent of how users access the software.



[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15494



Not the Only Model (Score:4, Insightful)

by Luthair ( 847766 )

I feel like the model described here is a minority of open source. I feel paid support contracts, source available, and corporations contributing to major projects is much more the norm.

Re: (Score:2)

by Himmy32 ( 650060 )

Depends on how it's measured as that may be the norm for the more recognizable large projects, but the small projects are much more numerous and they often have a Ko-fi, OpenCollective, other donation link, or ads on the docs.

Re: (Score:3)

by dj.delorie ( 3368 )

I suspect a large majority of the money spent towards open source is in the form of support contracts, yes, but large contracts paid by large companies to large projects. The problem is that a majority of the *projects* are small, often single person, and *those* do not have a good way of funding their work. There is no web of small companies paying small projects keeping the greater open source community healthy, and so smaller projects have to look to other ways to fund work.

Re: (Score:2)

by unrtst ( 777550 )

fund fund fund... or just volunteer, especially if it's just something small.

Equilibrium will be found (Score:3)

by Baron_Yam ( 643147 )

AI is dumb, it cannot innovate. Without humans creating new training data, it will fall behind. AI must find a way to avoid being fatal to the host it feeds on.

Re: Equilibrium will be found (Score:2)

by liqu1d ( 4349325 )

Unfortunately without the old guard creating packages like tailwind etc then the new training data may very well be vibe coded. It's not just a lack of funding that will hit OSS. It's them getting blatted by AI bug/vuln reports. If OSS is no longer profitable or fun it's unlikely to survive. I do wonder what happens when the AIs ingest their own output. Does it degrade or stay stagnant.

Re: (Score:2)

by DamnOregonian ( 963763 )

> Does it degrade or stay stagnant.

Can do both, either, or also neither.

It's a complication that has to be accounted for, though.

It can reduce perplexity, but that can very much be a not good thing.

What I can say, is that OSS survived just fine before bullshit like enshittified revenue models become popular, and it will survive the AIpocalypse.

Will OSS change? Yes.

Open source used to be fun (Score:2)

by JimBowen ( 885772 )

The reason people made open source projects and devoted time to maintaining them, was purely because it was enjoyable to do so. In the age of AI, that is gone. I no longer want to release my work for the benefit of others, because now it is only feeding this infernal bullshit machine, which will steal my work and sell it as its own. And if that wasn't bad enough, it will send a deluge of slop bugreports and phishing attacks.

AI needs to die. The bubble can't burst soon enough.

Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

by DamnOregonian ( 963763 )

> In the age of AI, that is gone.

No, it's not.

> I no longer want to release my work for the benefit of others, because now it is only feeding this infernal bullshit machine, which will steal my work and sell it as its own.

lol. And that's how I know you were not involved in open source.

Get the fuck out of here, poser.

Re: (Score:1)

by DamnOregonian ( 963763 )

In the age where dudes are getting cosmetic surgery to look more jacked, and mustachioed dipshits are preaching some kind of Gospel against porn, while jacking off to Andrew Tate, I just can't take your masculinity dig seriously, sorry.

If you had demonstrated knowledge of the syntactical bit of genius called the "comma", maybe. But as it was? No.

Re: (Score:2)

by CAIMLAS ( 41445 )

You could always try to do something meaningful and original with your work yourself.

Re: (Score:2)

by CAIMLAS ( 41445 )

Your post denies the status quo. That isn't how any of this works at all.

It's a distillation process. AI absolutely can (and is) being trained on AI-generated, AI-augmented, AI-processed, and AI-sintered data.

I'd suggest you familiarize yourself with where things are today (as opposed to 6 months ago, or 2 years ago). If you haven't reevaluated state of the art in the past 2 months with any depth, you're gravely behind.

The Akira License (Score:2)

by Pseudonymous Powers ( 4097097 )

It does seem that individual programmers would be much less likely to make their contributions to projects of all sizes available as open-source now that it's likely that those contributions will just be digested into an indistinguishable pap that will then be puked up by LLMs owned by oligarchic corporations. Because where's the satisfaction in that? Feels pretty demotivating to me.

Re:The Akira License (Score:5, Funny)

by 93 Escort Wagon ( 326346 )

Does the Akira License involve biker gangs and racing around on a motorcycle?

Re:The Akira License (Score:4, Funny)

by Pseudonymous Powers ( 4097097 )

I was picturing more giant mounds of pulsing formless protoplasm.

One of these things is not like the other (Score:4, Insightful)

by 93 Escort Wagon ( 326346 )

> Stack Overflow activity fell roughly 25% within six months of ChatGPT's launch.

This has nothing to do with "vibe coding".

I'm also unclear on what "documentation traffic" and "bug reports" has to do with a project earning money. Is this about seeing advertising? Because I'm not going to contribute to a project if that requires me to look at advertising.

Re: (Score:2)

by Himmy32 ( 650060 )

If the project is funded through donations, if the donation link is never seen by human eyeballs; the donation link never gets clicked.

The given example of Tailwind monetized by having the base framework be free, but having a collection of tools including a Component Library be licensed. So if an LLM is pumping out examples rather than the docs, the user isn't going to see the value add subscription.

If a project has advertising and you see it, then you are already contributing. But if the LLM is has to be "

Re: (Score:2)

by DamnOregonian ( 963763 )

I disagree entirely that "seeing" the value-add is the problem.

The problem is that the value that is added is simply removed by the LLM.

There's little reason to pay for the Component Library if an LLM can build them without doing so.

What they're suffering is the equivalent of having a Ford Production Line paradigm shift in the number of "experts" that no longer need to pay them.

What? (Score:3)

by allo ( 1728082 )

"Open-source maintainers monetize through documentation visits"

Open source is monetized through documentation visits? Not only most open source programmers know how to use an adblocker, but I also saw very few (thanks god!) documentation pages with ads. What are these people talking about?

Oh yes, I remember Stack Overflow (Score:4, Interesting)

by UsuallyReasonable ( 2715457 )

That was that website where I couldn't answer questions in an area regarding which I am an expert, unless I had a certain amount of "reputation". Rest in peace.

Where does innovation come from? (Score:4, Insightful)

by ukoda ( 537183 )

If everybody is vibe coding and nobody is writing open source code anymore where does the innovation come from?

If you think about most success open source project, including Linux itself, they usually start small with people seeing them as a potential future solution to a problem they are working on or just something interesting to play with. They start slowly and grow in usability and interest increases. Eventually it becomes something truly useful and usage becomes widespread.

AI and vibe coding breaks that process at the early stages because there is no longer the humans looking at new things and taking a chance on something new and unfinished. Open source relies on people looking forward but AI can only look backwards. A future driven by vibe coding looks like it will free of innovation. Sounds boring to me.

Re:Where does innovation come from? (Score:4, Interesting)

by CAIMLAS ( 41445 )

To say that open source is being killed by vibe coding is just... crazy. It's simply wrong.

There are numerous vibe coding apps now which were written entirely with vibe coding. An entirely new paradigm of development exists today which didn't exist even a year ago - claude code, opencode (omo/slim), codex, cursor, and on and on. Then you've got the agentic stacks, and everything else that's largely open and free. "Come use this vibe coded thing I built this weekend! It's live in production, you can see it working - and here's the git repo!"

Coding skills are no longer a barrier to iteration and improvement. There are so many cool projects out there now being done by people who have an idea and see a business case and want to fill it.

Aside from the projects, I've already taken 2 libraries myself and forked them to change (and improve) functionality for my specific use cases. I'm assuming they don't want my changes, but they can always pull them back if they want. They can see I've got a fork. My willingness to deal with "well they may not accept my changes" + slowing my own velocity is low. The repo is public, the commit comments are better than anything I've personally done in the past.

"AI and vibe coding breaks that process at the early stages because there is no longer the humans looking at new things and taking a chance on something new and unfinished"

Um... have you even tried vibe coding? You can one-shot a project in 20 minutes. I've done it numerous times - an old project I spent weeks writing specifications for, boom, done. I also now have a very useful data indexer which integrates smb shares with MacOS finder. Any sort of idea can now quickly come to fruition in a couple hours with a good set of prompts. Want to make an antiquated database format convertible to a newer platform, and reimplement the frontend? I once had to take a 15-year old physical SCO system running a proprietary database over to a virtual environment, 10 years back. It was a painful process, because SCO and failing hardware. But today? Once I got to that point I could've reimplemented it anew in a couple days, allowing those companies to expand the software capabilities they paid hundreds of thousands for at the time, to something which suited their current business needs (which were a paper and spreadsheet process).

A mildly capable office tech could take an existing git repo of their project tree and maintain it/add features and maintain the product well enough using vibe coding, instead of languishing for a decade, like they had to previously.

You seem to be missing the fact that LLMs have vastly exceeded prior functionality. Today, the frontier models are easily 2x what they were in October. October was easily 2x what they were in May of last year. May of last year? 2x as capable as they were the year prior. We're approaching exponential improvements, and models have been solving previously-unsolved NP hard problems: that's innovation.

If you have an idea, it can be done with vibe coding today if you have the intelligence and creativity to do it. Simple as. If you don't, you can't - and won't.

Re: (Score:2)

by noshellswill ( 598066 )

"LLMs cannot solve NP-hard problems in polynomial time, but they can help generate heuristic solutions or approximations that provide "good enough" answers for practical applications. "

So says my *.ai ..... I wonder what you had in mind . Is this a "back of the envelop" calculation for helium atomic energy levels ?

Re: (Score:2)

by ukoda ( 537183 )

You talk a lot about fast, quicker, easier. Sure vibe coding is amazing at that. I see nowhere in your response real invocation. A LLM can only give answers based on what it was trained on i.e. the past. I creates nothing new, instead it rapidly pulls together solutions from existing knowledge. That works while there is still humans innovating and creating new stuff for LLMs to learn from, but not if everything is from LLMs. You need AGI for innovation without humans. Basically I think you are confus

Re: (Score:1)

by angel'o'sphere ( 80593 )

People do not understand that coding agents are not LLMs.

They are based on LLMs. But on top of the LLM is an expert system tailored to the task you are using it for.

So the stupid arguments, that LLMs can not reason: are just stupid.

Because it is not the LLM that is reasoning, it is the family of agents on top of it.

FYI: [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Mind

Re: (Score:2)

by jsonn ( 792303 )

> Um... have you even tried vibe coding? You can one-shot a project in 20 minutes. I've done it numerous times - an old project I spent weeks writing specifications for, boom, done.

Have you even spent 5 seconds thinking about what you wrote here? If you need to spend weeks writing a specification and "vibe coding" it takes 20 minutes, it means you are either completely incompetent at writing specifications or your vibe-coded project simple doesn't do what you wrote in weeks. It's as simple as that.

Vibe coding is a lagging indicator (Score:2)

by alispguru ( 72689 )

I don't know how the next Python is going to get any traction, if table stakes for adoption is "language is understood by LLMs".

The current generation of coders won't use it if their LLM of choice doesn't understand it.

LLMs won't understand it if there's no training data, which comes from users.

I've always told people that coding would be automated last, if ever.

Apparently I was wrong, and will have to settle for being part of the last generation of coders that can actually read and understand code without

Re: (Score:1)

by angel'o'sphere ( 80593 )

The innovation comes from the guy/girl telling the vibe coding platform what to do.

That is a no brainer or not?

The Agents produce code you would otherwise write by hand.

What is the farking difference if the next for loop is spit out by an AI, I use Eclipse auto complete, or write it in vi by hand?

None, nothing, nada. It is the exact same sequence of characters.

fix for what? (Score:1)

by dfghjk ( 711126 )

"One proposed fix is a "Spotify for open source" model where AI platforms redistribute subscription revenue to maintainers based on package usage."

Proposed fix for what? And what incentive would motivate "AI platform" developers to involve themselves with "subscription revenue to maintainers"?

Open source, in particular GPL, is communistic, do we assume AI is as well? Because it sure doesn't seem like it. And why does open source funding need to be fixed? RMS created the GPL to compel others to give sour

Change the Paradigm (Score:3)

by TwistedGreen ( 80055 )

It's more accurate to say that the entire concept of libraries and frameworks is now obsolete. Why bother building and maintaining libraries of tested code when you can just generate it from scratch every time? The only reason we used libraries was to keep things maintainable and reusable. If you can just get an LLM to generate bespoke code on demand, and have it do exactly what you want and nothing else, then every piece of software can be a snowflake... unique and fragile, but infinitely replaceable. It's a paradigm shift, that's for sure.

Re: (Score:2)

by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

If it comes true. I doubt it will. The reason we maintain libraries is because complexity grows nonlinearly with the size of a system. Keeping the systems small with well-defined interfaces manages that problem.

AI isn't magic. A computer might have greater capacity for tracking down complex behaviour than a human does but it isn't infinite. And the current systems, just like humans, do a lot better when they have good libraries to stick together than they do if you ask them for a big bare metal monolith.

Re: (Score:2)

by ukoda ( 537183 )

Security and bugs come to mind. A new library will have bugs and security holes but if it becomes popular and is well curated then it becomes increasingly stable and secure. If a LLM generates a new equivalent to a library fresh every time it is run then the bug and security risks are fresh every time. I guess we will see how that evolves over time, but right now it is not hard to find news reports of deployed vibe code not really being up to scratch.

AI does not kill open source--it steals from it (Score:2)

by BrendaEM ( 871664 )

I am sure that the many proveyers of AI have violated the terms of agreement from the source code it has stolen.

Not really (Score:2)

by gweihir ( 88907 )

1) We have needed a more sustainable financing model for FOSS that matters for quite a while now.

2) "Vibe "coding" will not matter in the long run. Its results are just too abysmally bad. People still need a few years to understand as those of low / no skills are always late in understanding the blatantly obvious. (Dunning & Kruger have an explanation for that ...)

Vibe is killing itself? (Score:2)

by MeNeXT ( 200840 )

I don't know of a single company sharing proprietary code. So where will vibe be if there is no code to scan?

On another note. A while back people were worried that open source licensed code would make it in commercial licensed code and would create some legal issues. Isn't this also an issue with vibe generated code?

To me it seems that it's more of an issue that vibe creates a problem for proprietary code. GPL to vide makes vibe code into GPL. Share and share alike.

OTOH (Score:1)

by ScooterBill ( 599835 )

I love pulling a repo and having Claude explain it and figure out how to run it.

It used to take forever to get an unfamiliar repo to work because Linux.

This is actually one of the best uses of LLMs, getting someone else's software to work on my machine.

The fear of getting knee deep in the weeds because I don't understand the repo completely, is now gone.

AI coding (Score:3)

by gabrieltss ( 64078 )

Being the AI is just using code scraped from public sources, including public GitHub, GitLab etc.. repositories. How are any Copyright licenses being handled I wonder. So say you ask your favorite AI agent to generate code for you, do you know where the code -actually- came from? Was it from a GPL source? If it was and you put it into a proprietary commercial product you and your company could be violating 1 or more licenses.

I think at the rate this is happening, no source should be closed, or proprietary. All "closed source" companies should be REQUIRED to open up ALL their source code so AI can "index it" and anyone can use it. Else all AI companies should not be allowed to "index" any source code that is not in the public domain or under a license that is very lax.

Re: (Score:2)

by ukoda ( 537183 )

All valid points but remember people are expected obey laws, such as copyright, but that does not apply to well funded corporations. They are special and can do whatever the like, the law does not apply to them. You asked about how "Copyright licenses being handled"? They don't 'handle' them, they simply ignore them. This is what has made LLM so powerful, if you have money you can train them on anything, including copyright works, and then simply claim that LLMs are too important to fail so they can not

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