News: 0179021398

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Geoffrey Hinton: 'AI Will Make a Few People Much Richer and Most People Poorer' (ft.com)

(Friday September 05, 2025 @05:20PM (msmash) from the sounding-the-alarm dept.)


Nobel laureate Geoffrey Hinton has warned that AI will [1]concentrate wealth among a small elite while impoverishing most workers. The computer scientist, who pioneered neural network research in the 1980s, told Financial Times that rich people will use AI to replace workers, creating massive unemployment and profit increases.

Hinton, who left Google in 2023 after selling his AI startup for $44 million a decade earlier, dismissed universal basic income as insufficient to address human dignity concerns from job losses. The 77-year-old physicist predicts superintelligent AI will arrive within five to twenty years. He blamed capitalism rather than AI technology itself for the coming economic disruption, stating the system ensures AI will primarily benefit the wealthy rather than solve grand problems like hunger or poverty.



[1] https://www.ft.com/content/31feb335-4945-475e-baaa-3b880d9cf8ce



Access (Score:5, Insightful)

by JBMcB ( 73720 )

People thought computers would crush the working class because only rich people would have access to them. People are still making that argument to this day.

Re:Access (Score:5, Insightful)

by ihadafivedigituid ( 8391795 )

Rich people have disproportionately derived the benefits, haven't you been paying attention to the widely reported shrinkage of the middle class for the last 45-50 years?

Re: Access (Score:2, Insightful)

by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 )

A good deal of that shrinkage was up, not down.

You could make the case that that's also bad because having a middle is better than having just rich and poor. I might even agree with some of that thinking. But at least be honest about what actually went down.

And also about the fact that a shitbox used car that only the poors drive today has stuff in it standard that only came on luxury models back in my childhood. Power windows? Keyless entry? AC and stereo?

Yeah man. Maybe society bifurcated more than you mi

Re: Access (Score:4, Informative)

by dfghjk ( 711126 )

"A good deal of that shrinkage was up, not down."

A bullshit lie.

"But at least be honest about what actually went down."

Take your own advice.

"And also about the fact that a shitbox used car that only the poors drive today..."

Another lie. People increasingly cannot afford cars, just like they cannot afford homes.

"...being poor today is better than being "poor" in the 80s or 90s."

Homeless and starving is not better today than in the 80s or 90s.

Re: (Score:2)

by crunchygranola ( 1954152 )

> "A good deal of that shrinkage was up, not down." A bullshit lie.

The game the rightwingnutjobs and their patrons employ is to set an extremely low bar for measuring the well being of the bottom tier. Despite real per capital GDP increasing 2.5 fold since 1975, and doubling since 1985, the real income of the lowest decile has barely budged. But since it hasn't actually decreased the plutocrat apologists assert there is no problem at all, since according to this one metric "nobody is getting poorer".

A related game is to portray the poor as actually not being poor at all si

Re: (Score:3)

by dskoll ( 99328 )

"A good deal of that shrinkage was up, not down."

LOOOOOOOOL! What a bald-faced lie.

Wealth inequality in the United States has skyrocketed since the 1960s and especially so since the 1980s. Middle income earning as a share of aggregate income has [1]plummeted [pewresearch.org].

[1] https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/01/09/trends-in-income-and-wealth-inequality/

Re: (Score:1)

by Iamthecheese ( 1264298 )

He didn't say middle income as a share of aggregate income hasn't plummeted. He said a "good deal" of the shrinkage went to people who became richer. I'm not sure he's right but if you're going to argue his point, please don't be disingenuous.

Re: (Score:2)

by swillden ( 191260 )

> Wealth inequality in the United States has skyrocketed since the 1960s and especially so since the 1980s. Middle income earning as a share of aggregate income has plummeted.

Indeed, it has decreased by about 20 percentage points, from 62% to 43%, since the early 70s. At the same time, though, median real income has increased by 50%. Each generation is wealthier than the last and even has higher home ownership rates, which I find a little surprising give the increase in prices, but that's what the data shows.

So while America has become less equal, it has also become significantly wealthier across the whole income distribution. Basically, GDP has increased by about 70% since 1

Re: (Score:2)

by Comboman ( 895500 )

> And also about the fact that a shitbox used car that only the poors drive today has stuff in it standard that only came on luxury models back in my childhood. Power windows? Keyless entry? AC and stereo?

This is the result of globalization and concentrated ownership of industry creating economies of scale for mass-produced gadgets. These are meaningless trinkets, not real wealth. In my fathers day a single bread-winner with no education could buy a home and support a family. Now it takes both parent

Re: Access (Score:2)

by getuid() ( 1305889 )

It's not "computers"/specifically that concentrated wealth. It's politics. All computers did was make.us more efficient at getting shit done.

Case in point: wealth was concentrated in few hands when there weren't any computers, shortly after invention of the steam engine.

There's only two ways of not concentrating wealth in few hands: (1)/) we cease to be efficient and essentially revert back to growing our own food without mechanisation; or (2), we get our ahit together and install a long overdue more civili

Re: (Score:3)

by kertaamo ( 16100 )

Your example is silly.

Those who managed to the steam engines to run their factories and ships and such got the wealth. Notably they were not necessarily people coming from the old aristocracy. The workers got shitty, low paid, hard work in the factories.

In modern times those who managed to capture markets, via network effects, and get the server farms got the wealth. See FaceBook, Google, etc,

Now, those who manage to get the AI have immense power.

Re: Access (Score:2)

by getuid() ( 1305889 )

> Now, those who manage to get the AI have immense power.

Why do you think is that?

There's no inherent power in AI. Or machines. Or computers.

Re: Access (Score:2)

by drinkypoo ( 153816 )

What is silly is not recognizing that it doesn't matter to the average person that the aristocrats lost control when they were simply replaced with capitalists. It's just a different kind of elitist running their lives.

Re: (Score:2)

by swillden ( 191260 )

> What is silly is not recognizing that it doesn't matter to the average person that the aristocrats lost control when they were simply replaced with capitalists. It's just a different kind of elitist running their lives.

Also a new set of elites have emerged with each successive technological revolution. With cotton and textiles you had Robert Peel, Samuel Slater, Francis Cabot Lowell, etc. Few of them came from either money or aristocracy. With railroads you had Leland Stanford, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jay Gould, etc. Again, none from significant wealth. With steel you had Andrew Carnegie, Henry Frick, Elbert Gary, etc. Same story. With oil you had John D. Rockefeller, Harry Sinclair, J. Paul Getty, etc. Same story.

Re: (Score:2)

by WaffleMonster ( 969671 )

> It's not "computers"/specifically that concentrated wealth. It's politics. All computers did was make.us more efficient at getting shit done.

Technology has been responsible for pushing up Gini coefficients for a long time. I'm not sure of the breakdown of "computer" or what "computer" even means in the context where everything contains microprocessors.

> Case in point: wealth was concentrated in few hands when there weren't any computers, shortly after invention of the steam engine.

No, Gini coefficients are higher today than they were in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

> There's only two ways of not concentrating wealth in few hands: (1)/) we cease to be efficient and essentially revert back to growing our own food without mechanisation

This is an overgeneralization.

Re: (Score:2)

by swillden ( 191260 )

> It's not "computers"/specifically that concentrated wealth. It's politics.

Nope, it's tech.

This isn't the first time, either. Every major step in technology over the last 200+ years has followed the same pattern: A major new techological advance creates a lot of new wealth which primarily accrues to a small class because they were the first-mover entrepreneurs, making them super rich. Then as the full benefits of the technology gradually percolate through society, the first-mover edge evaporates and competition spreads the benefits more broadly across society. Rinse, repeat.

Re: (Score:2)

by RobinH ( 124750 )

That shrinkage has nothing to do with computers and almost everything to do with competition for middle class jobs via globalization. If anything, computers and automation slowed the shrinkage because it helped maintain a higher worker productivity in the US than in developing nations.

Re:Access [to and at you, not for you] (Score:2)

by shanen ( 462549 )

Not a bad FP branch, though I wish I could see a funny angle to lighten the mood a bit... The key problem is that the tools are morally neutral, but people ain't. Some of them have good motivations and will try to use AI for good stuff, while others are immoral or downright evil and the AI tools will work tor them just as well. So the nice folks have visions of making everyone happier while some other people are fixated on making themselves richer and more powerful, even though the money and the power are j

Re: (Score:2)

by jacks smirking reven ( 909048 )

> Fake and insincere politeness.

Thank you, I can't stand when it tries to sound excited and stroke my ego, "Wow, great idea!" like shut up baby I know it.

Maybe i'm just too old and my ideal version of an AI is the TNG ships computer.

Re: (Score:2)

by shanen ( 462549 )

You're right. I should have said "fake politeness and fake enthusiasm", though DeepSeek is the one that comes to mind first in the fake enthusiasm category.

Re: (Score:2)

by Big Hairy Gorilla ( 9839972 )

It's about engagement. Keep Joe typing questions. Good job Joe! if you give me the (bla bla bla) I can help you further troubleshoot that network connection.

(Joe reporting here: Gemini couldn't figure out the problem and offered some pretty bad advice over the course of 20 tries, I guess I'll try for the 21st time, gee, I'm engaged)

Moral of the story: giving the right answer doesn't foster increased engagement.

Re: (Score:1)

by taustin ( 171655 )

While the rich have gotten richer faster, the poor have gotten richer, too. The is the nature of technological advancement. The alternative is to go back to hunting dinner - or each other - with sharp sticks, and everybody dies by age 30.

Re: (Score:2)

by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 )

That shrinkage has been almost exclusively in the United States, while the standard of living around the world has gone up with poverty rates going down almost everywhere and with drastic improvements by other metrics also. See e.g. [1]https://ourworldindata.org/poverty [ourworldindata.org] . And even in the US there's evidence that the rise in inequality slowed down and even reversed in the last few years. See discussion at [2]https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/inequality-might-be-going-down-now [noahpinion.blog]. So if there's a problem, it is US policy

[1] https://ourworldindata.org/poverty

[2] https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/inequality-might-be-going-down-now

Re: (Score:2)

by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

"Middle class" is a fun term because you can define it all sorts of different ways, and change the definition over time. Makes for great articles.

Pretty much everybody on the planet, from the richest to the poorest, is much richer than they have ever been, both in quality of life and in raw income. Income inequality has been decreasing in the world as a whole too, and also decreasing or staying much the same in most of the developing countries, the EU, Canada and Australia. The US has been drifting up.

Re: (Score:2)

by larryjoe ( 135075 )

> People thought computers would crush the working class because only rich people would have access to them. People are still making that argument to this day.

>> Rich people have disproportionately derived the benefits, haven't you been paying attention to the widely reported shrinkage of the middle class for the last 45-50 years?

My guess is that massive income inequality comes from personal greed and is independent of computers or AI. Unfortunately for the ultrarich, the US economy is overwhelmingly consumer driven, so eventually those tens of billions will become merely billions as the economy contracts with fewer consumers and consumer dollars. If fewer people can afford to buy iPhones, Apple will get crushed. If general consumer spending plummets and sends online ad revenue decreasing, Google and Meta will get crushed.

Re: Access (Score:3)

by Midnight_Falcon ( 2432802 )

That's almost what happened. The people making/selling computers and services did well, but on the whole the working and middle classes have been otherwise squeezed. Their purchasing power today is far lower, especially in view of housing, healthcare and college/education costs. Inequality today rivals the Gilded Age. [1]https://www.nasdaq.com/article... [nasdaq.com]

[1] https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/how-far-does-your-middle-class-income-go-compared-to-your-parents

Re: (Score:1)

by Anonymous Coward

"People thought computers would crush the working class"

When? Certainly not in the 80's, when relatively few owned computers. This is simply not true. Plus, the working class has been crushed, just not by computers.

"The fully-automated factory of the future will have two employees: a man and a dog.

"The man will be there to feed the dog, and the dog will be there to make sure the man doesn't touch anything."

- “Datamation” 1978. Journalist Fred Lamond, UK

Re: (Score:2)

by atrimtab ( 247656 )

> "People thought computers would crush the working class"

> When? Certainly not in the 80's, when relatively few owned computers. This is simply not true. Plus, the working class has been crushed, just not by computers.

Technology, including computers, made workers more efficient, but the workers did not obtain much of an increase in $$$ given those productivity increases.

> "People are still making that argument to this day."

> No, they are not. They make that argument about AI, but few even acknowledge that AI is simply a computer application. Computer ownership is pervasive, smart phones are computers. No one argues that smart phones will crush the working class.

> This is pathetic.

The good AI is centrally controlled. Those who build and run such AI will control and manipulate the user/consumers of the AI. And much like the proto-AI algorithms of social media manipulate those users to enrich, almost solely, those who built and run the AI.

That's why the Zuck is pulling out all the stops on compensation for AI talent.

Want to bet there

Re: (Score:2)

by WaffleMonster ( 969671 )

> The good AI is centrally controlled.

This isn't the case. Capability of AI models has stagnated leading to a shift of focus from pretraining to TTC.

> Those who build and run such AI will control and manipulate the user/consumers of the AI. And much like the proto-AI algorithms of social media manipulate those users to enrich, almost solely, those who built and run the AI.

While I'm sure this is/was the goal there is too much value in customizing and training models for specific purposes.

Re: (Score:2)

by goldspider ( 445116 )

No, they said that about automation, and they weren't wrong, it just largely missed white-collar jobs. Until now.

Re: (Score:1)

by flink ( 18449 )

Look at [1]productivity vs wages [epi.org] since the mid 70s when digitization really started taking off. Rich people have derived virtually all the benefit. Yes, a handful of middle class knowledge workers have been created in IT, but compare that to the number of jobs that have been deskilled or eliminated.

[1] https://www.epi.org/productivity-pay-gap/

Re: (Score:2)

by SteveWoz ( 152247 )

For 20 years, plus or minus, personal computers reversed that idea.

Of course it will (Score:3)

by Sebby ( 238625 )

> The computer scientist [said] that rich people will use AI to replace workers, creating massive unemployment and profit increases. [...] He blamed capitalism rather than AI technology itself for the coming economic disruption, stating the system ensures AI will primarily benefit the wealthy rather than solve grand problems like hunger or poverty.

Of course it will - capitalism always triumphs over the little guy!

I can only imagine that the amount of political money/lobbying by AI firms [will/has] dwarfs those of other industries in the past - I'm thinking movie, tobacco and even the oil industries here.

Re: (Score:1)

by Sebby ( 238625 )

> Is that you, Peter Thiel?

Clearly it is.

To answer the troll's question:

> Exactly what's so special about Da Little Guy that the world ought to tie itself in knots to accommodate him, anyway?

Who do you think truly drives the economy? Just the rich 1%? How often do they buy/sell services and goods from each other, exactly, hmmm?

Re: (Score:2)

by gosso920 ( 6330142 )

>Hinton, who left Google in 2023 after selling his AI startup for $44 million

He certainly knows what he's talking about.

Re: (Score:2)

by swillden ( 191260 )

> Of course it will - capitalism always triumphs over the little guy!

Also, capitalism always make the little guy a lot wealthier than he was, even if he doesn't gain nearly as much as the capitalist. Capitalism has lifted 90% of the human population out of extreme poverty over the last couple of centuries.

Capitalism is not without flaws, but to re-purpose Churchill's comment about democracy: Capitalism is the worst form of economic system, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.

It would be marvelous if we found something better than capi

Nothing new really (Score:4, Informative)

by CQDX ( 2720013 )

Using computers and automation in business has always about reducing costs by reducing the number of workers needed to get something done.

Re: (Score:2)

by RobinH ( 124750 )

Yes... but when deployed broadly across industries it also supports higher worker efficiency and productivity, which allows higher wages. And it's not like the unemployment rate went up to 30% and stayed there. A couple years ago we had record low unemployment. If all the jobs where gone due to automation, what were all those people doing working? I don't actually believe there's much behind the AI hype. We're poised for a big correction. But automation, in general, has improved worker productivity an

Re: (Score:2)

by timeOday ( 582209 )

The reason wages haven't risen as fast as worker productivity is because an increasing amount of the worker productivity is the product of using mechanization owned by their employer to do the job.

You've been hiring 10 guys to dig a ditch. You buy an excavator and for $100K and fire 9 of the guys, the last guy runs the excavator. Worker productivity just went up by a factor of 10. Are you going to increase his pay by a factor of 10 so your payroll stays the same? No, you'll pay him maybe a little more

Re: (Score:2)

by RobinH ( 124750 )

Yes, in the very short term. But you're completely ignoring the competition factor. Someone else will buy an excavator and force the market price of digging lower.

Re: (Score:2)

by dfghjk ( 711126 )

"Using computers and automation in business has always about reducing costs..."

No, but that has been a benefit, among a great many other things. Virtually everything we take for granted is better today because we have computers to help us to work better, often times cheaper as well.

AI is different, it's not about better, it's about eliminating work forces entirely. It's about replacement. Computers used to assist, now they replace...badly.

Still the most appropriate quote... (Score:1)

by Dru Nemeton ( 4964417 )

“Once men turned their thinking over to machines in the hope that this would set them free. But that only permitted other men with machines to enslave them.” — Reverend Mother Gaius Helen Mohiam

Re: (Score:3)

by dfghjk ( 711126 )

This is a work of fiction being presented as though a real person is being quoted. Embarrassing.

"Roads? Where we're going, we don't need roads." — Dr. Emmett Brown

"These go to eleven." — Nigel Tufnel

"No, I am your father." — Darth Vader

Re: (Score:2)

by allo ( 1728082 )

"Many were increasingly of the opinion that they'd all made a big mistake in coming down from the trees in the first place. And some said that even the trees had been a bad move, and that no one should ever have left the oceans."

Nobel laureate...yeah... (Score:2, Insightful)

by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 )

Sorry dude. Physics entails interrogating Nature, not making chatbots with python scripts.

Oh look..."blames capitalism"...yeah there it is.

Looking back to my early childhood in the waning days of Soviet Union, I can't help but wonder if the bread lines might have been shorter, the greengrocer's shelves a little less emptier, and the power and water cuts a little less frequenty if only there had been a State Artificial Intelligence Bureau to make sure the chatbots and AI agents centrally planned the parcelin

Re: (Score:2)

by GameboyRMH ( 1153867 )

Chile seemed to be making something similar work with early-'70s computer technology, until Henry Kissinger decided that democratic socialism was a threat worse than Soviet communism and had the regime overthrown and replaced with a murderous right-wing dictatorship:

[1]https://thereader.mitpress.mit... [mit.edu]

[1] https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/project-cybersyn-chiles-radical-experiment-in-cybernetic-socialism/

Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

by dfghjk ( 711126 )

The Soviet Union failing does not mean capitalism cannot be criticized. You could perhaps stop confusing free markets and capitalism. Capitalism destroys free markets.

"... I can't help but wonder ..."

I doubt that you wonder anything other than how to shamelessly promote your right winger point of view. The soviet collapse has been studied, its causes can be researched. Nowhere would you find that if only they had AI things might have been different, not even you would wonder that.

Re: Nobel laureate...yeah... (Score:1, Insightful)

by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 )

And how exactly do you believe a free markert can exist if private citizens cannot pool their capital (!) together to have a go at making something to sell in the market?

What even are we talking about?

and help me get my stuff done (Score:2)

by 2TecTom ( 311314 )

like finally getting Linux up and running without doing a ton of digging into error messages and software that takes forever to install and or manage. It's a tool, so I use it.

Re: (Score:3)

by StormReaver ( 59959 )

> ...like finally getting Linux up and running without doing a ton of digging into error messages...

I agree. Those Linux installation errors messages have gotten ridiculous. Just doing a simple install has (at least!) four "Next" error messages that look a lot like buttons. I have to click each and every one of them before I get a usable desktop! That's absurd! Any more than zero clicks is completely unacceptable!

> ...and software that takes forever to install and or manage.

I hear you, brother! Who on Earth has five whole seconds to install a package?! It's crazy!

Re: (Score:2)

by 2TecTom ( 311314 )

rotflmao, so, tell me, what year is going to be the year of the Linux desktop? Remember now, as bad as Windows is, as unethical as Micro$oft is and as expensive as Windows is, yet Linux struggles to get even 5% share of the desktop market. There's a reason for that.

Re: and help me get my stuff done (Score:2)

by drinkypoo ( 153816 )

"There's a reason for that."

Yes, anticompetitive behavior.

Re: (Score:2)

by 2TecTom ( 311314 )

care to explain

look, I've been ding this long enough to know there's no way a non-technical user would be able to manage when there's this many issues with basic desktop functionality

Linux has a lot going for it, ease of installation just isn't one of them

once everything's installed and configured, i have no issues but even basic setup take me hours longer than with Windows and I've installed a number of different distros and levels of distros all the way down to Linux from scratch, and yes,AI is a big help

He's Right But ... (Score:2)

by machineghost ( 622031 )

He's right, but that's true about everything. The rich and powerful use their wealth and influence to stay rich and powerful ... with AI, or with anything else. It's how the world works.

Re: He's Right But ... (Score:1)

by firewrought ( 36952 )

... until war, revolution, plague, or famine kills a bunch of people. After that, things sort of reset because (1) elites are nicer in a growing economy and (2) power was effectively democratized by the catastrophe... especially when you have a bunch of young men coming back from war. The decades following WWII are a good example of this.

I'm Skeptical About Profit Increases (Score:2)

by SwashbucklingCowboy ( 727629 )

If there's massive unemployment, then who's going to spend the money to massively increase profits???

Actors (Score:4, Insightful)

by groobly ( 6155920 )

I don't trust actors to tell me about economics, and I don't trust computer scientists to tell me about it either.

What happens to the displaced? (Score:2)

by glatiak ( 617813 )

What I wonder about it what happens to the legions of displaced and their children? Seems like this will be the industrial moves to Asia but with a far wider impact. One starts to think about stuff like the French Revolution... or perhaps the Russian. And in the US at least the displaced will be well armed and not too happy. A problem that has been building for decades. At least the birth rate is falling.

I wish that people like him... (Score:2)

by MpVpRb ( 1423381 )

...would stop trying to predict the future and concentrate on building AI and talking about actual accomplishments. The future has always been unpredictable and it's getting increasingly unpredictable as tech advances

Rich guy feels guilty about his own success (Score:2)

by Tony Isaac ( 1301187 )

He founded and sold an AI company, and he believes so much in his product that he feels bad about how many people will be put out of work by what he has done.

Lucky for him, the product isn't likely to do nearly as much good--or harm--as he (the chief salesman of his company) convinced himself that it would do.

How exactly? (Score:2)

by Tony Isaac ( 1301187 )

Can't read the article, it's paywalled.

My question is, by what mechanism will AI (specifically, his product) make the rich much richer, and the poor poorer?

So far, AI has proved to provide a *small* productivity boost. This is offset by the high cost of AI products. This high cost will greatly slow adoption, making the cost/benefit equation of an already over-hyped product, much less attractive.

If we look at history, past automations have eliminated some jobs, but have replaced them with better, higher-payi

Only for a while (Score:1)

by PeterJFraser ( 572070 )

New technology always make as few much richer, but over time every ones life is rich, Consider, the wealth from the introduction of railroads, cars, radio, computer, cell phones, etc.

Fight for open source AI (Score:2)

by allo ( 1728082 )

The people who strongly against AI due to fears of being disadvantaged and pushing for hard regulations are actually creating the future disadvantage for themselves. Whatever regulations may come, you can be sure that companies will still use AI to make money. But will there be (good) open AI that you can use without depending on what a large company is willing to offer you?

For instance, if all training data requires licensing because the transformative use argument is invalidated, only rich companies able

No reason for a middle class anymore (Score:1)

by vladoshi ( 9025601 )

Really, what purpose do you serve now? Change the process into an app, change laws and rules to restrict choices to what AI's can deal with.

Lucky this coincides with houses being too expensive for you to buy anyway, so not a big deal for politicians.

Z.O.I.D.: Zombie Optimized for Infiltration and Destruction