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  ARM Give a man a fire and he's warm for a day, but set fire to him and he's warm for the rest of his life (Terry Pratchett, Jingo)

The one interview question that will protect you from North Korean fake workers

(2025/04/29)


RSAC Concerned a new recruit might be a North Korean stooge out to steal intellectual property and then hit an org with malware? There is an answer, for the moment at least.

According to Adam Meyers, CrowdStrike's senior veep in the counter adversary division, North Korean infiltrators are bagging roles worldwide throughout the year. Thousands are said to have [1]infiltrated the Fortune 500.

They're masking IPs, exporting laptop farms to America so they can connect into those machines and appear to be working from the USA, and they are using AI – but there's a question during job interviews that never fails to catch them out and forces them to drop out of the recruitment process.

[2]

"My favorite interview question, because we've interviewed quite a few of these folks, is something to the effect of 'How fat is Kim Jong Un?' They terminate the call instantly, because it's not worth it to say something negative about that," he [3]told a panel session at the [4]RSA Conference in San Francisco Monday.

[5]

[6]

Meyers explained the North Koreans will use generative AI to develop bulk batches of LinkedIn profiles and applications for remote work jobs that appeal to Western companies. During an interview, multiple teams will work on the technical challenges that are part of the interview while the "front man" handles the physical side of the interview, although sometimes rather ineptly.

"One of the things that we've noted is that you'll have a person in Poland applying with a very complicated name," he recounted, "and then when you get them on Zoom calls it's a military age male Asian who can't pronounce it." But it works enough that quite a few score the job and millions of dollars are being funneled back to North Korea via this route.

[7]

Once placed in the coveted role, such workers are usually very successful in the company, since they have multiple people working on one job to produce the best work possible - with the hope of getting a promotion and more access to the business' systems - explained panelist FBI Special Agent Elizabeth Pelker.

"I think more often than not, I get the comment of 'Oh, but Johnny is our best performer. Do we actually need to fire him?" she said.

The aims of [8]these phony workers are two-fold, she explained. Firstly, they earn a wage and use their access to steal intellectual property from the victim. This is usually exfiltrated in tiny chunks so as to not trigger security systems.

[9]

One mitigation strategy, she said, was to insist that any interviewee performed coding tests within the corporate environment. These allow the actual IP being used to get checked, interviewers to see how often the prospect is switching between screens, and can allow other clues to leak out that all is not as it seems.

If the interloper is exposed and fired, however, they will usually have already collected login details, planted unactivated malware, and will then attempt to extort the maximum they can from the victim. She urged anyone who spots a fake employee to contact their local FBI field office immediately.

The Red Queen's race

But the attackers are getting smarter, and in some ways the FBI is a victim of its own success.

The agency has been distributing [10]advice to US companies but these memos are also being read in Pyongyang and the workers are adapting their tactics. This sometimes involves using both aware and unwitting accomplices.

For example, to get around the IP address problem, laptop farms are springing up all over America. If an applicant gets a job, the firm will usually send him a laptop, at which point the interviewee explains that they've moved or have a family emergency, so could they send it to a new address please?

[11]North Korea's fake tech workers now targeting European employers

[12]Arizona laptop farmer pleads guilty for funneling $17M to Kim Jong Un

[13]US 'laptop farm' man accused of outsourcing his IT jobs to North Korea to fund weapons programs

[14]North Korean dev who renamed himself 'Bane' accused of IT worker fraud caper

[15]Security biz KnowBe4 hired fake North Korean techie, who got straight to work ... on evil

[16]I'm a security expert, and I almost fell for a North Korea-style deepfake job applicant …Twice

[17]North Koreans clone open source projects to plant backdoors, steal credentials

This is most likely a laptop farm, where someone in the US agrees to run the laptop from a legitimate address for a fee, typically around $200 a computer, according to Meyers. Last year the FBI [18]busted one such operation in Nashville, Tennessee, and charged the operator with conspiracy to cause damage to protected computers, conspiracy to launder monetary instruments, conspiracy to commit wire fraud, intentional damage to protected computers, aggravated identity theft, and conspiracy to cause the unlawful employment of aliens.

Rather than creating identities, the North Korean workers have now taken to either stealing the ones they want, or fooling people into handing them over for a good cause. There's a growing business in Ukraine of convincing people to share their identity with third parties under the pretext of using them against Chinese agents who are propping up Russia.

"Unfortunately, because this is supporting North Koreans, the money then goes back through to filter through to North Korea regime," said Chris Horne, senior director at jobs site Upworthy. "Then, in turn, it goes to support the troops that come back in through Russia. So they're basically paying for their own demise in Ukraine right now."

We've also seen deepfake job interviewees that are [19]good enough to fool IT professionals, sometimes more than once. This technology is only improving and will get more and more convincing, Pelker warned.

The key to fixing this, the panelists agreed, was to educate everyone in the interview process – right down to the lowest staffer – and to be hyper vigilant for warning signs. If possible, they said, one should have someone local swing around for a personal meeting, and maybe also avoid hiring fully remote employees. ®

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[1] https://www.yahoo.com/news/thousands-north-korean-workers-infiltrated-110000417.html

[2] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_specialfeatures/spotlightonrsac&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2aBFL7gsD13qlhmT_Qvk0owAAAAc&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0

[3] https://path.rsaconference.com/flow/rsac/us25/FullAgenda/page/catalog/session/1728070288065001o6bO

[4] https://www.theregister.com/special_features/spotlight_on_rsac/

[5] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_specialfeatures/spotlightonrsac&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44aBFL7gsD13qlhmT_Qvk0owAAAAc&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[6] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_specialfeatures/spotlightonrsac&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33aBFL7gsD13qlhmT_Qvk0owAAAAc&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[7] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_specialfeatures/spotlightonrsac&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44aBFL7gsD13qlhmT_Qvk0owAAAAc&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[8] https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/dprk-it-workers-expanding-scope-scale

[9] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_specialfeatures/spotlightonrsac&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=3&c=33aBFL7gsD13qlhmT_Qvk0owAAAAc&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D3%26raptor%3Deagle%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[10] https://www.ic3.gov/PSA/2025/PSA250123

[11] https://www.theregister.com/2025/04/02/north_korean_fake_techies_target_europe/

[12] https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/12/arizona_woman_laptop_farm_guilty/

[13] https://www.theregister.com/2024/08/08/north_korea_laptop_farm_arrest/

[14] https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/24/north_korean_devs_and_their/

[15] https://www.theregister.com/2024/07/24/knowbe4_north_korean/

[16] https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/11/it_worker_scam/

[17] https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/29/lazarus_groups_supply_chain_attack/

[18] https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-disrupts-north-korean-remote-it-worker-fraud-schemes-through-charges-and

[19] https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/11/it_worker_scam/

[20] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/



Natalie Gritpants Jr

How about once you want to hire a person, you interview them in person to hand over the laptop and security things. No need for them to come to head office, just use a trusted agent near them.

Or...

The Man Who Fell To Earth

Insist they come for an in-person interview at some point before extending the offer, even if they will be based half a planet away. Their total salary, including benefits, is going to cost you six figures per year. And you're unwilling to invest a couple of grand at that final interview stage as part of your due diligence? If you get screwed it's entirely your own fault & you should be canned.

Re: Or...

Doctor Syntax

"And you're unwilling to invest a couple of grand at that final interview stage as part of your due diligence?"

Who's the "you" in this. Obviously it should be the business but more likely the "you" wanting to perform due diligence as the recruiting manager doing the interviews is not necessarily the "you" who's the beancounter unwilling to invest in travel or the "you" who's the bum-on-seat counter requiring return to office.

Re: Or...

Snake

"the beancounter unwilling to invest in travel"

My highly educated guess is that it's that very same beancounter than caused the company to look to Poland and other 'outer' countries in the first place; read: lower pay. I very much doubt those very same beancounters would ever agree to spending one thin pence to guarantee the quality of their recruitment - it's not their problem, only that line on the balance sheet matters to these morons.

And why the world is going down the toilet, everything is reduced to money.

Re: Or...

RedGreen925

"I very much doubt those very same beancounters would ever agree to spending one thin pence to guarantee the quality of their recruitment - it's not their problem, only that line on the balance sheet matters to these morons."

Well then make it matter a reasonably long ten or twenty year prison sentence for everyone of them morons who do not do their due diligence should improve the failure rate. That includes the CEO who allowed the morons to continue such shady practices as well. That will get their attention and lead to some changes.

Re: Or...

Doctor Syntax

A) The Polish name might well be from a US citizen.

B) I'm not familiar with the IT industry in Poland but doubt that it would be "outer" in any other respect than it not being in the US.

C) If a job advert is placed globally then a response is as likely to come from Poland as elsewhere without specifically seeking out "outer" countries. OTOH it does, at the cost of the risk of finding a Nork, extend te talent pool.

I suppose a return to office police does protect against this specific problem as well as protecting against finding the widest choice of talent.

Re: Poland

Snake

The IT industry in Poland is very strong; even the website of the company I work for was done in Poland, a "designer" here in America sold the idea to my boss (without my involvement until after I had to clean up the mess) who outsources all [her] programming to Poland contractors. I found out her 'dirty secret' after the site got hacked and I had to track down the full history - who was hosting it, where, how it was configured and how it was designed.

It's actually quite common, it seems, Poland is an up-and-coming outsourcing business country. Whilst they get paid good money by Polish standards, their pay is but a fraction of what U.S. programmers get paid and significantly less than the rest of the EU as well.

How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Anonymous Coward

Oh? Is he fat? I am sure he is just big boned.

In the more parochial parts† of the US the candidate could easily and plausibly plead ignorance. "What congressional district does he represent?"

How any organisation would trust anyone with its corporate jewels without physically interviewing the candidate and completing the referee and basic background checks is entirely beyond my comprehension.

Probably involves peanuts and the inevitable monkeys albeit North Korean monkeys - the fact that you are receiving champagne output from a beer outlay in this industry of all places must rate as miraculous as wine from water.

† which parts aren't? Answers on a rollling paper.

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Anonymous Coward

"How any organisation would trust anyone with its corporate jewels without physically interviewing the candidate"

If you can recruit from the whole of the USA and don't have to supply a desk at your office, that gives you more developer for your buck

Flying someone cross continent is expensive and you want the economize on employee costs. It is also a drain on candidates.

In short, for low level jobs, that can be done remotely, it doesn't pay to fly candidates around. Any "ideal" candidates within commuting distance will already have been hired.

It benefits both parties. People in "remote" areas have a choice of jobs without having to move around the country and companies have a wider choice of candidates.

It is up to the company to ensure that the selection process is done well.

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Rafael #872397

If you can recruit from the whole of the USA and don't have to supply a desk at your office, that gives you more developer for your buck

What about buying computers from a guy in a van in a parking lot?

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Eclectic Man

And to weed out the Chinese ones ask "Do you think that Xi Jin Ping looks like Winnie the Pooh?"

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

snee

You could use the same tactic to weed out UK applicants: "How well is Keef doing as PM?"

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Caver_Dave

Would not work. We Brits would tell you outright - probably including a little Anglo-Saxon expletive or two. And more than two if we're not a supporter.

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

graemep

Therefore anyone who says something nice about the PM is fake.

Re: How fat is Kim Jong Un?

Doctor Syntax

"as miraculous as wine from water."

AKA too good to be true but never realised by those whose credulity is only matched by their greed.

The one interview question that will protect you

Howard Sway

There is another one. How many Zetaflargs are required to polfroozle a qualpyklang? Apparently they just don't know this, even though it's common knowledge for the rest of us.

Re: The one interview question that will protect you

Ken G

This must be one of those trick questions where you know the answer is forty-two but can't explain why.

Hiring candidates who can't pronounce their own name?

Koffi1995

« "One of the things that we've noted is that you'll have a person in Poland applying with a very complicated name," he recounted, "and then when you get them on Zoom calls it's a military age male Asian who can't pronounce it." But it works enough that quite a few score the job and millions of dollars are being funneled back to North Korea via this route. »

So the person being interviewed can't pronounce their own name, how is that not an immediate red flag that ends the interview? These companies must be pretty desperate to fill the position to overlooking things like that

Re: Hiring candidates who can't pronounce their own name?

Ken G

If you ask someone their name and they tell you something, you've got to assume that's how they pronounce it.

Many yanks have Irish names, both given and surnames but pronounce both incorrectly by Irish standards. I imagine the same is true for Polish names.

Re: Hiring candidates who can't pronounce their own name?

Koffi1995

They could also ask the applicants to pronounce the names of a few cities from the region they claim to be living in, someone who's supposedly Polish being unable to pronounce Polish cities or struggling with basic Polish words would indicate something's not right

goblinski

I've commented on this before - I'll comment again:

Why the assumption that the specific type of recruiters that would recruit in these specific conditions care that much about NOT recruiting a Nork spy ?

- A top notch company will have top notch recruiting practices, which would make such an infiltration impossible.

- A crappy company with crappy recruiting practices will be looking to piece meal deliver a crappy product. A "Champagne from the beer tap" employee, as described above, would be a bingo for them, and they'll dig their heads in the sand stories deep to be able to exploit such an opportunity. That the money is going to eventually work against their country and society would cause but a chuckle. Confronting them further will unleash a counter-barrage of whataboutism. At the end of the day, they'll claim they didn't know, and being the victim.

- A semi-crappy company with semi-crappy practices ? Whichever way the wind blows.

In all events, if the recruiting practices are wonky, they would have worn out the recruiters themselves enough to make them WANT this to happen and close their eyes each step of the way, or not caring altogether.

- A small top notch company that actually has to go through such practices ? Errr... Don't the Norks have enough money to have created, own, and run these from the beginning and from the top, in the first place ?

And I'm not even scratching the surface on recruiting agents that would do 90% of the prescreening fighting for a buck, then dumping the candidate to a lazy and/or incompetent manager as "This is the perfect one".

The key to fixing this

heyrick

...is that once a person is beyond the initial selection and a viable candidate:

1, insist upon an in-person interview at the business premises.

2, give them very restricted access to company systems in the beginning.

3, related to 2, include a honeypot to see if they go poking around where they shouldn't.

Maybe the FBI, rather than warning about Norks, ought to be asking some serious questions about what sort of company would employ a person sight unseen (no, a video call doesn't count) and send them company hardware (potentially to a completely different address) and give that employee unfettered access to company systems?

ought to be asking some serious questions about what sort of company would

Anonymous Coward

Wait, I know this one. The US Department of Government Efficiency!

Re: The key to fixing this

Doctor Syntax

I'm wondering if my daughter had an in-person interview given that the company is almost entirely remote working - she certainly hadn't seen the UK office then and I'm not sure whether she's seen it now or even if it exists. It would certainly be unacceptable to use anything other than company computers for the information she handles.

I'm sure we've all seen it.

Anonymous Coward

Someone gets hires by people who've never actually met him, mainly on what they see him promise in interviews. Quite soon they start to regret it, but how do you fire the president?

Re: I'm sure we've all seen it.

Excused Boots

"but how do you fire the president?”

Oh, oh, oh, I know this one; Congress has to....

Ah, yes, sorry, as you were....

What?

Ball boy

Employing people unseen and without sufficient background checking is asking for trouble. In the example given, it'd be easy enough to check: there'll be a Polish support group within reach who would almost certainly welcome a few corporate bucks in exchange for a quick chat in their native tongue with this 'valuable candidate'. Let's see how quickly a North Korean can pick up that particular lingo!

I'm assuming the glorious C-suites that fell foul of this 'hijacking' are the very same people who discover they have rich relatives in Nigeria who inexplicably die in car wrecks. Perhaps El Reg would be kind enough to list them: I've got a couple of bridges that I need to get rid of...

Doctor Syntax

Perhaps I should pass on some of the emails I get from people with impeccably Anglo-Saxon names offering all sorts of skills such as web-site development, mobile development, webapps etc. They arrive at the same address as the emails telling me Elon Musk says I shouldn't pay my electricity bill and always from gmail addresses.

Blame HR

Pete 2

> quite a few score the job and millions of dollars are being funneled back to North Korea via this route.

Which makes the employer directly in contravention of international sanctions on the country.

I don't get it

Anonymous Coward

For my current job, it involved a full background check, I had to show my passport, credit check, turn up to the office in person on day 1.

Who the fcuk just hires some random assclown on another continent?

Dumb Fratboy Stuff

martinusher

Quite apart from the obvious "Who's going to hire someone sight unseen to handle sensitive code or information?" question (because, let's face it, there are people dumb enough to do this out there) the obvious question is "Why are we taking this inane bit of propaganda seriously?". Many countries have lese majeste laws, some actively enforced (if you don't believe me, try it in Thailand...). But the implication is that the poor DPRK peasants are starving while Kim is living it up off the fat of the land, something that might well be true but hardly isolated to North Korea.

Just remember that we're paying the people who come up with this stuff. Its insultingly naive but, unfortunately, not untypical these days.Its like our entire government and its institutions have been taken over by a low grade tabloid that dabbles in titillation and rumor and has a target reading age of eight.

You could do the same if you wanted to screen out MAGA crazies

DS999

Ask them if the 2020 election was stolen, or if they think the orange makeup makes Trump look like a clown!

So... so you think you can tell
Heaven from Hell?
Blue skies from pain? Did they get you to trade
Can you tell a green field Your heroes for ghosts?
From a cold steel rail? Hot ashes for trees?
A smile from a veil? Hot air for a cool breeze?
Do you think you can tell? Cold comfort for change?
Did you exchange
A walk on part in a war
For the lead role in a cage?
-- Pink Floyd, "Wish You Were Here"