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More Voyager instruments shut down to eke out power supplies

(2025/03/06)


More science instruments are being shut down on the Voyager probes as engineers attempt to eke out the power and keep them running for years to come.

It should not come as a surprise that NASA is [1]turning off instruments . The shutdowns were already planned to take place as the venerable probes enter the final years of their operational life. The team hopes that if it takes action now, the robotic spacecraft could still be operating with at least one science instrument into the 2030s.

Voyager 1's cosmic ray subsystem – a suite of three telescopes designed to study cosmic rays, including protons from the galaxy and the Sun, by measuring their energy and flux – was shut down last week. Voyager 2's low-energy charged particle instrument is due for deactivation later this month.

[2]

This means that it should be 2026 before another instrument must be turned off on both spacecraft. For Voyager 1, its low-energy charged particle instrument will need to be deactivated. In 2026, the cosmic ray subsystem aboard Voyager 2 will be turned off.

[3]

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The Voyagers carry an identical set of 10 science instruments, which are being gradually shut down. Some were geared toward planetary flybys, and so are no longer needed.

Suzanne Dodd, Voyager project manager at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), called the probes "deep space rockstars," but noted that electrical power was running low. "If we don't turn off an instrument on each Voyager now, they would probably have only a few more months of power before we would need to declare end of mission."

[5]'Best job at JPL': What it's like to be an engineer on the Voyager project

[6]Unbreakable Voyager space probes close in on a 50 year mission

[7]NASA switches off Voyager 2 plasma instrument to stretch out juice

[8]NASA engineers play space surgeon in bid to unclog Voyager 1's arteries

The steps taken should mean that the Voyagers will endure past the half-century mark – a testament to the designers and makers of the spacecraft. However, there is always a chance that an unforeseen incident might bring an earlier end to the mission. [9]Engineers recovered Voyager 1 in 2024 after a memory glitch left the probe spouting gibberish. The spacecraft also abruptly went silent last year after a command to turn on a heater [10]tripped a fault protection system due to low power levels.

The probes are in uncharted territory both in terms of location and operation. Each command, which takes 23 hours to reach Voyager 1 and 19-and a half for Voyager 2, is ever more risky, particularly considering it'll take the same time to get a response back, during which time anything could happen.

[11]

"Every minute of every day, the Voyagers explore a region where no spacecraft has gone before," said Linda Spilker, Voyager project scientist at JPL. "That also means every day could be our last. But that day could also bring another interstellar revelation. So, we're pulling out all the stops, doing what we can to make sure Voyagers 1 and 2 continue their trailblazing for the maximum time possible." ®

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[1] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-turns-off-two-voyager-science-instruments-to-extend-mission/

[2] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_offbeat/science&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=2&c=2Z8nUstJudNbAEDmQc2xU6QAAAA4&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D2%26raptor%3Dcondor%26pos%3Dtop%26test%3D0

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[5] https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/28/voyager_engineer_feature/

[6] https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/09/voyager_closes_in_on_a/

[7] https://www.theregister.com/2024/10/03/voyager_2_plasma_instrument/

[8] https://www.theregister.com/2024/09/12/voyager_power_issues/

[9] https://www.theregister.com/2024/06/14/voyager_1_restored/

[10] https://www.theregister.com/2024/11/09/voyager_closes_in_on_a/

[11] https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?co=1&iu=/6978/reg_offbeat/science&sz=300x50%7C300x100%7C300x250%7C300x251%7C300x252%7C300x600%7C300x601&tile=4&c=44Z8nUstJudNbAEDmQc2xU6QAAAA4&t=ct%3Dns%26unitnum%3D4%26raptor%3Dfalcon%26pos%3Dmid%26test%3D0

[12] https://whitepapers.theregister.com/



Would it be possible ...

alain williams

to rotate which instruments are switched on ? So: run one for a week, then power it down and run a different one for a week.

Or is it that once powered down some/all instruments cannot be powered back up ?

Re: Would it be possible ...

Lord Elpuss

Not a Voyager scientist so can't speak authoritatively, but one issue I could see here would be that every change/switch/command increases the likelihood of a fault condition arising; much like a lightbulb will burn more or less forever as long as you don't keep turning it off and on.

In that sense it's probably a deliberate decision to have instruments either permanently on, or permanently off.

Re: Would it be possible ...

rg287

The worst thing you can do to electronics is to turn them on. The second worst thing is to turn them off again.

So whilst I don't know for sure, I would hazard that they'd probably avoid cycling instruments in case it caused a more terminal fault. Or they powered one down, and the other then didn't power back up, and then the one that was working fine also wouldn't come back, and we lose a working instrument.

They appear instead to be splitting the load between Voyager 1 & 2, so they've knocked off the Voyager 1 CRS, but Voyager 2's is still on, whilst Voyager 2's LECP is getting shut off but Voyager 1's is still going.

Whilst they're both in quite different parts of the sky (V1 above the orbital plane, V2 below), given that we're basically measuring interstellar radiation out there, the data from each probe is probably quite interchangeable (they're not that far outside the solar system), so shutting down instruments in a different order is likely safer (provided power budget allows - one isn't notably higher draw than the other).

I could only wish my work lasted that long

that one in the corner

Currently fixing bugs in code I've had in daily use for a mere three decades - and it isn't even a twenty three second wait to see the results of the next command!

Deep respect to the guys who made them and those still keeping them going.

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Lord Elpuss

I'm lucky if my code makes it through the afternoon.

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Jim Mitchell

I make sure my code takes a nap in the afternoon so it's less cranky.

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

wolfetone

I felt so sad in January when an applicaiton I wrote 14 years ago had to be turned off for good. It'd been running faultlessly for 14 years, probably the most reliable and useful thing I've ever made. But I felt so proud of it though at the same time.

Then I remember Voyager, and if I'm happy over an app lasting 14 years I couldn't imagine what it would feel to be one of the people behind it knowing how long and how well they've lasted.

A beer each for all of them.

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Caver_Dave

I can claim 27 years for code that I know is still running in critical systems (and is still in long term support for 3 years!)

I can claim writing patches for 26 year old OS code and new drivers for a 24 year old version where the hardware has finally had to be replaced.

I can claim 36 years for things running at the Museum of Computing.

What no "grey beard" icon?

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Spazturtle

"Deep respect to the guys who made them and those still keeping them going."

Those groups are mostly the same people, here is the team after fixing the software last year:

https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/e1-PIA26275-voyager-copy-16.jpg

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Anonymous Coward

They don't write code like they used to. When I were a lad things were meant to last. It was also a simpler time without the many unpredictable layers we have to deal with now. It is very impressive that it's still churning away. Especially when you consider space radiation can really mess stuff up. Just how did they account for that in the code?

Re: I could only wish my work lasted that long

Alan Brown

"They don't write code like they used to"

Yes they do. The filter of time applied: 99% of everything is garbage and the old stuff you see today is merely what survived longest

One example is victorian housing. The stuff that people point as as "built to last" was specifically built to much higher standards than were normal, mainly for use as low cost housing. The old and ornate piles (mansions) you see have a LOT of issues and need huge amounts of money invested to keep them falling down because for the most part they weren't meant to stand more than 50 years (one place I worked in had the entire back wall bowing by over a foot (3 floors) out due to the builders cutting corners in the 1870s and needed work to keep it standing which would have been more than a new BUILDING)

The classic extreme example is the Brighton Pavilion. It's eggshell fragile due to the cheap and cheerful method of construction but shows the adage that the richer people are, the less they tend to care about longevity (See: Luxury Cars)

Amazing stuff!

Michael H.F. Wilkinson

I remember seeing the launch of both Voyagers on TV as a teenager at school. I followed every planetary flyby in the National Geographic Magazine. Amazing that the better part of a human lifetime these probes have been speeding through space, collecting loads of data.

I will (again) raise a glass to the team behind this amazing achievement.

tony72

"If we don't turn off an instrument on each Voyager now, they would probably have only a few more months of power before we would need to declare end of mission."

These things are powered by RTGs right? And the decay rate of the plutonium therein isn't going to change based on the amount of power being drawn from it, is it? It's not like a battery; the plutonium generates an amount of heat purely based on its decay rate, and the available heat is turned into electricity by thermoelectric converters. So what's actually running out here that's going to last longer if they turn off this instrument? Is it that they wouldn't be able to draw enough current to prevent critical systems from permanently freezing or something?

Decay

llaryllama

Power output is reduced by almost 1% per year as the Plutonium decays. The poor old Voyagers are already running on fumes at this point.

I wonder

Eclectic Man

if, at the last gasp, just keeping the comms link up would be useful when there is only enough energy for that? No sensors, just a forlorn bleeping at the edge of the solar system to tell us they are still there? Like the retreating bagpiper at a funeral walking off into silence.

I feel strangely sad at this point.

Re: I wonder

A. Coatsworth

Bloody hell, man... that went into [1]Spirit territory . How can one feel sad for a chunk of metal millions of miles away?

[1] https://xkcd.com/695/

Vulcans believe peace should not depend on force.
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